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However, atrial flutter is more resistant to correction with such medications than atrial fibrillation. [1] For example, although the class III antiarrhythmic agent ibutilide is an effective treatment for atrial flutter, rates of recurrence after treatment are quite high (70–90%). [1]
This causes the refractory period of atrial tissue to increase, hence its effectiveness in the treatment of atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter. Dofetilide does not affect dV/dT max (the slope of the upstroke of phase 0 depolarization), conduction velocity, or the resting membrane potential.
Synchronized electrical cardioversion is used to treat hemodynamically unstable supraventricular (or narrow complex) tachycardias, including atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter. It is also used in the emergent treatment of wide complex tachycardias, including ventricular tachycardia, when a pulse is present.
Catheter ablation is a procedure that uses radio-frequency energy or other sources to terminate or modify a faulty electrical pathway from sections of the heart of those who are prone to developing cardiac arrhythmias such as atrial fibrillation, atrial flutter and Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome.
Dronedarone has been termed a "multichannel blocker". [citation needed] However, it is unclear which channel(s) play a pivotal role in its success. [9]Thus, dronedarone's actions at the cellular level are controversial, with most studies suggesting an inhibition in multiple outward potassium currents including rapid delayed rectifier, slow delayed rectifier and ACh-activated inward rectifier. [10]
Early treatment of atrioventricular blockade is based on the presence and severity of symptoms and signs associated with ventricular escape rhythm. Hemodynamically unstable patients require immediate medication and in most cases temporary pacing to increase heart rate and cardiac output.
The normal firing rate from the SA node is 60-100 beats per minute. But in atrial flutter the electrical signals are coming from a reentrant circuit which moves much faster, let’s say 350 beats per minute. In this case, there are no normal P-waves. Instead they are called flutter waves, or F waves, and they take on this sawtooth shape.
Junctional rhythm is seen equally in men and women, and can be seen intermittently in young children and athletes, especially during sleep. It occurs commonly in patients with sinus node dysfunction. 1/600 cardiology patients over the age of 65 have sinus node dysfunction. [1]
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