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The temperature and pressure inside Jupiter increase steadily inward as the heat of planetary formation can only escape by convection. [56] At a surface depth where the atmospheric pressure level is 1 bar (0.10 MPa), the temperature is around 165 K (−108 °C; −163 °F). The region where supercritical hydrogen changes gradually from a ...
Jupiter's atmosphere has a strong vertical air flow that carries these compounds into lower regions. But there are higher temperatures inside Jupiter, which will decompose these chemicals and hinder the formation of life similar to Earth. [143] This was speculated by Carl Sagan and Edwin E. Salpeter.
Jupiter's Great Red Spot (GRS) is an elliptical shaped anticyclone, occurring at 22 degrees below the equator, in Jupiter's southern hemisphere. [39] The largest anticyclonic storm (~16,000 km) in our solar system, little is known about its internal depth and structure. [ 40 ]
Jupiter was known to astronomers of ancient times. [1] The Romans named it after their god Jupiter . [ 2 ] When viewed from Earth , Jupiter can reach an apparent magnitude of −2.94, bright enough for its reflected light to cast shadows, [ 3 ] and making it on average the third-brightest object in the night sky after the Moon and Venus .
Jupiter and Saturn consist mostly of elements such as hydrogen and helium, with heavier elements making up between 3 and 13 percent of their mass. [3] They are thought to consist of an outer layer of compressed molecular hydrogen surrounding a layer of liquid metallic hydrogen , with probably a molten rocky core inside.
A diagram of Jupiter showing a model of the planet's interior, with a rocky core overlaid by a deep layer of liquid metallic hydrogen (shown as magenta) and an outer layer predominantly of molecular hydrogen. Jupiter's true interior composition is uncertain.
Around Dec. 14, Jupiter will be visible in the night sky between the nearly full moon and a reddish-orange star called Aldebaran, which shines brightest in the Taurus constellation and can be seen ...
Jupiter has an observed magnetic field generated within its core, indicating some metallic substance is present. [3] Its magnetic field is the strongest in the Solar System after the Sun's. Jupiter has a rock and/or ice core 10–30 times the mass of the Earth, and this core is likely soluble in the gas envelope above, and so primordial in ...