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Maat (which is associated with solar, lunar, astral, and the river Nile's movements) is a concept based on humanity's attempt to live in a natural harmonic state. [44] Maat is associated with the judgment of the deceased and whether a person has done what is right in their life. [45] Thus, to do Maat was to act in a manner unreproachable or ...
Chapter 125 [3] of the Book of the Dead lists names and provenances (either geographical or atmospheric) of the Assessors of Maat. A declaration of innocence corresponds to each deity: it is pronounced by the dead himself, to avoid being damned for specific "sins" that each of the 42 Judges is in charge of punishing. [1] [2]
Its importance is evident from the fact that even the pharaoh, who was understood as a divine being, was primarily tasked with bearing responsibility for and contributing to maat. The epitome of the concept in Ancient Egyptian religion was the eponymous goddess Maat and her symbol the ostrich feather.
Original file (SVG file, nominally 5,188 × 980 pixels, ... English: the 42 Assessors of Maat, 42 minor god in Egyptian mythology. Date: 13 January 2025: Source:
In the eyes of the Egyptians, the world was always ambiguous; the actions and judgments of a king were thought to simplify these principles in order to keep Ma'at by separating Order from Chaos or Good from Evil. [8] [9] [2] [10] Coffin Text 335a asserts the necessity of the dead being cleansed of isfet in order to be reborn in the Duat. [11]
Most spellings use the Shu-feather, often twice, the feather being the representation, and feather of Maat. Maat as a representative of truth, wisdom, justice, order, etc., in the kingdom, the iconographic headdress implies her role, to the one who wears the shuti two-feather adornments.
According to Simpson, the Vizier Ptahhotep was an elderly man of 96 years, ready to retire and was ready to pass down his position. [2] The king approved of Ptahhotep's son succeeding him as vizier, but noted that the young cannot be born with wisdom and that they need the experience given by advanced age. [5]
The most complete text of the Instruction of Amenemope is British Museum Papyrus 10474, acquired in Thebes by E. A. Wallis Budge in early 1888. [1] [9] The scroll is approximately 12 feet (3.7 m) long by 10 inches (250 mm) wide; the obverse side contains the hieratic text of the Instruction, while the reverse side is filled with a miscellany of lesser texts, including a "Calendar of Lucky and ...