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Prolog systems typically implement a well-known optimization technique called tail call optimization (TCO) for deterministic predicates exhibiting tail recursion or, more generally, tail calls: A clause's stack frame is discarded before performing a call in a tail position. Therefore, deterministic tail-recursive predicates are executed with ...
Prolog is a logic programming language that has its origins in artificial intelligence, automated theorem proving and computational linguistics. [1] [2] [3]Prolog has its roots in first-order logic, a formal logic, and unlike many other programming languages, Prolog is intended primarily as a declarative programming language: the program is a set of facts and rules, which define relations.
First-order logic—also called predicate logic, predicate calculus, quantificational logic—is a collection of formal systems used in mathematics, philosophy, linguistics, and computer science. First-order logic uses quantified variables over non-logical objects, and allows the use of sentences that contain variables.
Prolog provides other features, in addition to cut, that do not have a logical interpretation. These include the built-in predicates assert and retract for destructively updating the state of the program during program execution. For example, the toy blocks world example above can be implemented without frame axioms using destructive change of ...
A predicate is a statement or mathematical assertion that contains variables, sometimes referred to as predicate variables, and may be true or false depending on those variables’ value or values. In propositional logic, atomic formulas are sometimes regarded as zero-place predicates. [1] In a sense, these are nullary (i.e. 0-arity) predicates.
However, the semantics of a logic program is still defined to be its minimal Herbrand model. Relatedly, the fixpoint of the immediate consequence operator may not converge in a finite number of steps (or to a finite set). However, any ground atom in the minimal Herbrand model will have a finite proof tree. This is why Prolog is evaluated top ...
Unlike in Prolog, statements of a Datalog program can be stated in any order. Datalog does not have Prolog's cut operator. This makes Datalog a fully declarative language. In contrast to Prolog, Datalog disallows complex terms as arguments of predicates, e.g., p(x, y) is admissible but not p(f(x), y), disallows negation,
Fril is a programming language for first-order predicate calculus.It includes the semantics of Prolog as a subset, but takes its syntax from the micro-PROLOG [] of Logic Programming Associates and adds support for fuzzy sets, support logic, and metaprogramming.