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2. Code injection - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Code_injection

   Code injection is the malicious injection or introduction of code into an application. Some web servers have a guestbook script, which accepts small messages from users and typically receives messages such as: Very nice site! However, a malicious person may know of a code injection vulnerability in the guestbook and enter a message such as:

3. Shatter attack - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shatter_attack

   The paper, which coined the term "shatter attack", explained the process by which an application could execute arbitrary code in another application. This could occur because Windows allows unprivileged applications to send messages to message loops of higher-privileged application—and some messages can have the address of a callback function ...

4. Arbitrary code execution - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arbitrary_code_execution

   On its own, an arbitrary code execution exploit will give the attacker the same privileges as the target process that is vulnerable. [11] For example, if exploiting a flaw in a web browser, an attacker could act as the user, performing actions such as modifying personal computer files or accessing banking information, but would not be able to perform system-level actions (unless the user in ...

5. Application security - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Application_security

   Web application security is a branch of information security that deals specifically with the security of websites, web applications, and web services. At a high level, web application security draws on the principles of application security but applies them specifically to the internet and web systems.

6. File inclusion vulnerability - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File_inclusion_vulnerability

   A file inclusion vulnerability is a type of web vulnerability that is most commonly found to affect web applications that rely on a scripting run time.This issue is caused when an application builds a path to executable code using an attacker-controlled variable in a way that allows the attacker to control which file is executed at run time.

7. Log4Shell - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Log4Shell

   Log4Shell (CVE-2021-44228) is a zero-day vulnerability reported in November 2021 in Log4j, a popular Java logging framework, involving arbitrary code execution. [2] [3] The vulnerability had existed unnoticed since 2013 and was privately disclosed to the Apache Software Foundation, of which Log4j is a project, by Chen Zhaojun of Alibaba Cloud's security team on 24 November 2021.

8. Privilege escalation - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Privilege_escalation

   This malicious activity may be possible due to common web application weaknesses or vulnerabilities. Potential web application vulnerabilities or situations that may lead to this condition include: Predictable session IDs in the user's HTTP cookie; Session fixation; Cross-site scripting; Easily guessable passwords; Theft or hijacking of session ...

9. HTTP header injection - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTTP_header_injection

   HTTP header injection is a general class of web application security vulnerability which occurs when Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) headers are dynamically generated based on user input. Header injection in HTTP responses can allow for HTTP response splitting , session fixation via the Set-Cookie header, cross-site scripting (XSS), and ...