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[71] [104] Therefore, the falling melting and boiling points of the alkali metals indicate that the strength of the metallic bonds of the alkali metals decreases down the group. [71] This is because metal atoms are held together by the electromagnetic attraction from the positive ions to the delocalised electrons.
This is a list of the various reported boiling points for the elements, with recommended values to be used elsewhere on Wikipedia. For broader coverage of this topic, see Boiling point . Boiling points, Master List format
The melting (98 °C) and boiling (883 °C) points of sodium are lower than those of lithium but higher than those of the heavier alkali metals potassium, rubidium, and caesium, following periodic trends down the group. [12]
Lithium metal is soft enough to be cut with a knife. It is silvery-white. In air it oxidizes to lithium oxide. [10] Its melting point of 180.50 °C (453.65 K; 356.90 °F) [13] and its boiling point of 1,342 °C (1,615 K; 2,448 °F) [13] are each the highest of all the alkali metals while its density of 0.534 g/cm 3 is the lowest.
This reaction is exothermic and releases sufficient heat to ignite the resulting hydrogen in the presence of oxygen. Finely powdered potassium ignites in air at room temperature. The bulk metal ignites in air if heated. Because its density is 0.89 g/cm 3, burning potassium floats in water that exposes it to atmospheric oxygen. Many common fire ...
Partially molten rubidium metal in an ampoule. Rubidium is a very soft, ductile, silvery-white metal. [11] It has a melting point of 39.3 °C (102.7 °F) and a boiling point of 688 °C (1,270 °F). [12]
The temperature at standard pressure should be equal to the normal boiling point, ... R.W. Handbook of Thermodynamic and Transport Properties of Alkali Metals, ...
Boiling point: 1,388 ... oxide, sodium metal, and hydrogen gas. [24 ... This reaction is commonly used for demonstrating the reactivity of alkali metals in ...