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Underclocking, also known as downclocking, is modifying a computer or electronic circuit's timing settings to run at a lower clock rate than is specified. Underclocking is used to reduce a computer's power consumption, increase battery life, reduce heat emission, and it may also increase the system's stability, lifespan/reliability and compatibility.
Introduced in June 2017, they are specifically targeted for the server and embedded system markets. [1] Epyc processors share the same microarchitecture as their regular desktop-grade counterparts, but have enterprise-grade features such as higher core counts, more PCI Express lanes, support for larger amounts of RAM, and larger cache memory.
Computer fans are widely used along with heatsink fans to reduce temperature by actively exhausting hot air. There are also other cooling techniques, such as liquid cooling. All modern day processors are designed to cut out or reduce their voltage or clock speed if the internal temperature of the processor exceeds a specified limit.
Typically in server platforms, CPUs are the PECI slaves and Platform Controller Hub (PCH) is the PECI master, meanwhile in client segment, CPU is usually the PECI slave and EC/BMC is the PECI master. PECI was introduced in 2006 with the Intel Core 2 Duo microprocessors. Support for PECI was added to the Linux kernel version 5.18 in 2022. [1]
The Ryzen family is an x86-64 microprocessor family from AMD, based on the Zen microarchitecture.The Ryzen lineup includes Ryzen 3, Ryzen 5, Ryzen 7, Ryzen 9, and Ryzen Threadripper with up to 96 cores.
When a core exceeds the set throttle temperature, processors can reduce power to maintain a safe temperature level and if the processor is unable to maintain a safe operating temperature through throttling actions, it will automatically shut down to prevent permanent damage. [14]
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Below is a list of microarchitectures many of which have codenames associated: [2] AMD K5 – AMD's first original x86 microarchitecture. The K5 was based on the AMD 29k microarchitecture with the addition of an x86 decoder. Although the design was similar in idea to a Pentium Pro, the actual performance was more like that of a Pentium.