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The Indian government introduced the Gulf rupee as a replacement for the Indian rupee for circulation outside the country with the Reserve Bank of India (Amendment) Act of 1 May 1959. [105] The creation of a separate currency was an attempt to reduce the strain on India's foreign reserves from gold smuggling.
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India also holds a significant amount of gold, which serves as a hedge against inflation and currency depreciation. Special Drawing Rights (SDRs) allocated by the IMF, these can be used to supplement reserves. Reserve position in the IMF represents India's financial position in the IMF, which can also be utilized as reserve assets.
For a continuous duration of nearly 1700 years from the year 1 CE, India was the world's largest economy, constituting 35 to 40% of the world GDP. [111] The combination of protectionist, import-substitution, Fabian socialism, and social democratic-inspired policies governed India for sometime after the end of British rule.
In 2009, India purchased 200 tonnes of gold from the International Monetary Fund, worth US$6.7bn (€4.57bn, £4.10bn). [15] In June 2020, India's foreign exchange reserves crossed the US$500 billion mark for the first time. [16] In June 2021, India's foreign exchange reserves crossed the US$600 billion mark for the first time. [17] [18]
Cocoa was the top-performing commodity of 2024. The price of the bean surged as headwinds battered key producers. Prices are likely to stay high into 2025, analysts at ING said.
This is a list of tables showing the historical timeline of the exchange rate for the Indian rupee (INR) against the special drawing rights unit (SDR), United States dollar (USD), pound sterling (GBP), Deutsche mark (DM), euro (EUR) and Japanese yen (JPY). The rupee was worth one shilling and sixpence in sterling in 1947.
As of 2023, India is the seventh largest exporter of commercial services in the world, [12] accounting for 4.6% of global trade in services. India's service exports grew by 27%. [ 13 ] In September, India's prominent services industry experienced an acceleration in growth, buoyed by robust demand in the sector.