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Based on their causes, hypereosinophilias can be sorted into subtypes. However, cases of eosinophilia, which exhibit eosinophil counts between 500 and 1,500/μL, may fit the clinical criteria for, and thus be regarded as falling into, one of these hypereosinophilia categories: the cutoff of 1,500/μL between hypereosinophilia and eosinophilia is somewhat arbitrary.
Hypereosinophilic syndrome is a disease characterized by a persistently elevated eosinophil count (≥ 1500 eosinophils/mm³) in the blood for at least six months without any recognizable cause, with involvement of either the heart, nervous system, or bone marrow.
Lymphocyte-variant hypereosinophilia is a rare disorder in which eosinophilia or hypereosinophilia (i.e. a large or extremely large increase in the number of eosinophils in the blood circulation) is caused by an aberrant population of lymphocytes.
Familial eosinophilia is a rare congenital disorder characterized by the presence of sustained elevations in blood eosinophil levels that reach ranges diagnostic of eosinophilia (i.e. 500–1500/microliter) or, far more commonly, hypereosinophilia (i.e. >1,500/microliter).
Eosinophils are also involved in many other biological processes, including postpubertal mammary gland development, oestrus cycling, allograft rejection and neoplasia. [21] They have also been implicated in antigen presentation to T cells. [22] Eosinophils are responsible for tissue damage and inflammation in many diseases, including asthma.
Clonal hypereosinophilia, also termed primary hypereosinophilia or clonal eosinophilia, is a grouping of hematological disorders all of which are characterized by the development and growth of a pre-malignant or malignant population of eosinophils, a type of white blood cell that occupies the bone marrow, blood, and other tissues.
It is unknown if eosinophils contribute directly to clearing pathogens in sepsis or if their absence is only an indicator that the immune system is dysregulated. [5] The causative role of eosinopenia to poor survival in sepsis, if it exists, has yet to be established. [5] The use of eosinopenia as a diagnostic tool in sepsis is debatable. [10]
These structures contain many positive charges and are thus strongly stained by anionic dyes like eosin. A typical combination of basophilic and eosinophilic dyes is the H&E stain, which visualizes basophilic structures in blue and eosinophilic structures in red. [1]