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Neuroblastoma is also a feature of neurofibromatosis type 1 and the Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome. MYCN oncogene amplification within the tumor is a common finding in neuroblastoma. The degree of amplification shows a bimodal distribution: either 3- to 10-fold, or 100- to 300-fold.
CD133 is shown to be a marker of tumor-initiating or cancer stem cells in neuroblastoma. The tumor-initiating properties of CD133 have been discovered through studies such as the one performed by Cournoyer et al. [4] The cells from neuroblastoma patients have been examined, comparing those with a high expression of the CD133 glycoprotein to ...
Adrenal cancer is the presence of malignant adrenal tumors, and includes neuroblastoma, adrenocortical carcinoma and some adrenal pheochromocytomas. Most adrenal pheochromocytomas and all adrenocortical adenomas are benign tumors, which do not metastasize or invade nearby tissues, but may cause significant health problems by unbalancing hormones.
The degree of differentiation of neuroblastoma is correlated to the prognosis, with a wide variety of outcomes (from tumor regression to recurrence and mortality). The standard of care is the use of chemotherapy, surgical resection and radiation, although most aggressive neuroblastomas have demonstrated to be resistant to these therapies.
The presence of DMs in tumor cells is a somewhat rare occurrence, but certain cancers have been found to have a high incidence rate. An extensive cancer database search found that about 1.4% of all cases are positive for DMs, and out of cancer types, neuroblastoma has the highest frequency of DMs at 31.7%. [10]
4893 18176 Ensembl ENSG00000213281 ENSMUSG00000027852 UniProt P01111 P08556 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_002524 NM_010937 NM_001368638 RefSeq (protein) NP_002515 n/a Location (UCSC) Chr 1: 114.7 – 114.72 Mb Chr 3: 102.97 – 102.98 Mb PubMed search Wikidata View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse NRAS is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the NRAS gene. It was discovered by a small team of researchers led ...
Medicare patients receive hospice care for free, provided that a doctor certifies them as appropriate, meaning that they likely have six months or less to live. Until recently, hospice was a nonprofit service mostly catering to cancer patients.
The 5th WHO classification delineates distinct types of tumors, some of them being further divided into subtypes, rendering the former terms entity and variant obsolete. When molecular diagnostics are not complete enough to allow precise classification, diagnosis should be designated by appending not otherwise specified (NOS).
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