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Depth sounding, often simply called sounding, is measuring the depth of a body of water. Data taken from soundings are used in bathymetry to make maps of the floor of a body of water, such as the seabed topography .
On a nautical chart with depths indicated in fathoms, it appears as a broad area with many "14" notations. broadhorn An alternate term for a flatboat. broadside 1. One side of a vessel above the waterline. 2. All the guns on one side of a warship or mounted (in rotating turrets or barbettes) so as to be able to fire on the same side of a warship.
The earliest known depth measurements were made about 1800 BCE by Egyptians by probing with a pole. Later a weighted line was used, with depths marked off at intervals. This process was known as sounding. Both these methods were limited by being spot depths, taken at a point, and could easily miss significant variations in the immediate vicinity.
A fathom line or fathom curve, a usually sinuous line on a nautical chart, joins all points having the same depth of water, thereby indicating the contour of the ocean floor. [24] Some extensive flat areas of the sea bottom with constant depth are known by their fathom number, like the Broad Fourteens or the Long Forties, both in the North Sea.
It can also be simply explained as the depth below which the ground is saturated. The water table is the surface where the water pressure head is equal to the atmospheric pressure (where gauge pressure = 0). It may be visualized as the "surface" of the subsurface materials that are saturated with groundwater in a given vicinity. [2]
After the Trieste was retired, the Japanese remote-operated vehicle (ROV) KaikÅ was the only vessel capable of reaching this depth until it was lost at sea in 2003. [8] In May and June 2009, the hybrid-ROV Nereus returned to the Challenger Deep for a series of three dives to depths exceeding 10,900 m (35,800 ft; 6.8 mi).
Different kinds of Secchi disks. A marine style on the left and the freshwater version on the right. The Secchi depth is reached when the reflectance equals the intensity of light backscattered from the water. 1.7 divided into this depth in metres yields an attenuation coefficient (also called an extinction coefficient), for the available light averaged over the Secchi disk depth.
Depth (ring theory), an important invariant of rings and modules in commutative and homological algebra; Depth in a well, the measurement between two points in an oil well; Color depth (or "number of bits" or "bit depth"), in computer graphics; Market depth, in financial markets, the size of an order needed to move the market a given amount