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In electronics, a buffer amplifier is a unity gain amplifier that copies a signal from one circuit to another while transforming its electrical impedance to provide a more ideal source (with a lower output impedance for a voltage buffer or a higher output impedance for a current buffer).
The diamond buffer is used primarily in the input and output stages of high-speed current-feedback operational amplifiers. The circuit is also the essential building block of bipolar current conveyors, and has seen limited use in line-level audio preamplifiers and in the output stages of audio power amplifiers.
This method of compensation is recently used in amplifier design for potentiostat circuit. [11] Because of process variation, resistor value can change more than 10%, and therefore affects stability. Using current buffer or voltage buffer in series with compensation capacitor is another option to get better results. [2] [3] [8]
The bootstrap circuit uses a coupling capacitor, formed from the gate/source capacitance of a transistor, to drive a signal line to slightly greater than the supply voltage. [10] Some all-pMOS integrated circuits such as the Intel 4004 and the Intel 8008 use that 2-transistor "bootstrap load" circuit. [11] [12] [13]
Thus this circuit finds applications as a voltage buffer. In other words, the circuit has current gain (which depends largely on the h FE of the transistor) instead of voltage gain. A small change to the input current results in much larger change in the output current supplied to the output load.
The push–pull output circuit shown is a simplified variation of the Williamson topology, which comprises four stages: a SET input stage to buffer the input and give some voltage gain. a phase splitter, usually of the cathodyne or "concertina" type.
A genuine Signetics NE5532N in PDIP package, made in 1990, on a modem board A Texas Instruments SA5532A in SOIC package on an audio distribution amplifier board . The NE5532, also sold as SA5532, SE5532 and NG5532 (commonly called just 5532) is a dual monolithic, bipolar, internally compensated operational amplifier (op amp) for audio applications introduced by Signetics in 1979.
The buffer amplifiers serve to reduce crosstalk and distortion. An electronic mixer is a device that combines two or more electrical or electronic signals into one or two composite output signals. There are two basic circuits that both use the term mixer , but they are very different types of circuits: additive mixers and multiplicative mixers.