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Refusenik (Russian: отказник, romanized: otkaznik, from отказ (otkaz) 'refusal'; alternatively spelled refusnik) was an unofficial term for individuals—typically, but not exclusively, Soviet Jews—who were denied permission to emigrate, primarily to Israel, by the authorities of the Soviet Union and other countries of the Soviet ...
The Soviet Jewry movement was an international human rights campaign that advocated for the right of Jews in the Soviet Union to emigrate. The movement's participants were most active in the United States and in the Soviet Union. Those who were denied permission to emigrate were often referred to by the term Refusenik.
The Anti-Subversion Act of 1957, officially designated as Republic Act No. 1700, is a Philippine law which outlawed the Communist Party of the Philippines of 1930 (Partido Komunista ng Pilipinas-1930), the Hukbalahap, and any organizations succeeding these two organizations including the Communist Party of the Philippines, the National Democratic Front of the Philippines, and the New People's ...
Elena Ilana Fridman (sister), Lev Arie Fridman (brother-in-law), Yacov Fridman (nephew) Ida Yakovlevna Nudel ( Hebrew : אידה נודל ; Russian : Ида Яковлевна Нудель ) (27 April 1931 – 14 September 2021) was a Soviet-born Israeli refusenik and activist.
In February 1987 refusenik protests against Begun's continuing imprisonment took place on Arbat Street in downtown Moscow. The protesters, among them Begun's son Boris Begun, Begun's wife Inessa Begun, veteran refusenik Emilia Shrayer and other refuseniks, were attacked and beaten by KGB agents in plain sight of onlookers and foreign journalists.
The 1973 Philippine martial law referendum was a national referendum in which the citizens' assemblies voted for: . The ratification of the 1973 Constitution; The suspension of the convening of the Interim National Assembly provided in the transitory provisions of the 1973 Constitution
The Tydings–McDuffie Act of the United States Government detailed the steps required for the Philippines to become independent of the United States. A previous act, the Hare–Hawes–Cutting Act, had been rejected by the Philippine Congress. The constitution was approved by 96% of voters, and was replaced by the 1973 Constitution of the ...
However, the treaty of Paris officially ceded the Philippines to the United States, which ignited an armed conflict with the newly established First Philippine Republic. [18] Isabelo de los Reyes, one of the leaders of the trade union movement in the post-revolutionary Philippines.