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After the publication of Janis' book Victims of Groupthink in 1972, [11] and a revised edition with the title Groupthink: Psychological Studies of Policy Decisions and Fiascoes in 1982, [12] the concept of groupthink was used [by whom?] to explain many other faulty decisions in history. These events included Nazi Germany's decision to invade ...
Irving Lester Janis (May 26, 1918 – November 15, 1990) was an American research psychologist at Yale University and a professor emeritus at the University of California, Berkeley most famous for his theory of "groupthink", which described the systematic errors made by groups when making collective decisions.
Ultimately it was decided that the events were caused by “stress due to upcoming exams” and the incident was determined to be an incident of “hysteria”. [72] Due to the determination of collective stress as the cause, medical sociologist Robert Bartholomew favors the neutral term mass psychogenic illness over mass hysteria.
It was the largest anti-nuclear protest and the largest political demonstration in American history. [173] Pro-People's Vote on Brexit march 23 March 2019 1 million Political rally London (end point: Parliament Square) UK [174] Earth Day: 22 April 1990 750,000 to 1.5 million Celebration Central Park, New York City USA [175] [176]
Fault Lines: A History of the United States Since 1974 (WW Norton, 2019), scholarly history. excerpt; Olson, James S. ed. Historical Dictionary of the 1970s (1999) excerpt; Richards, Marlee. America in the 1970s (Twenty-First Century Books, 2010) online. Sandbrook, Dominic. Mad as Hell: The Crisis of the 1970s and the Rise of the Populist Right ...
Victor, Orville J. History Of American Conspiracies: A Record Of Treason, Insurrection, Rebellion, &c. In The United States Of America. From 1760 To 1860 (1863) online, entertaining but outdated; Waskow, Arthur I. From Race Riot to Sit-In, 1919 and the 1960s: A Study in the Connections Between Conflict and Violence. (Doubleday, 1966).
The right to assemble is recognized as a human right and protected in the First Amendment of the US Constitution under the clause, "Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of ...
Adams, James Truslow, ed. Dictionary of American History (5 Vols. 1940) Kutler, Stanley I. ed. Dictionary of American History (3rd Edition 10 Volumes, 2003) Martin, Michael. Dictionary of American History (Littlefield, Adams 1989) Morris. Richard, ed. Encyclopedia of American History (7th ed. 1996) Purvis, Thomas L.