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The Temple of Cybele or Temple of Magna Mater was Rome's first and most important temple to the Magna Mater ("Great Mother"), who was known to the Greeks as Cybele. It was built to house a particular image or form of the goddess, a meteoric stone brought from Greek Asia Minor to Rome in 204 BC at the behest of an oracle and temporarily housed ...
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] (Ancient Greek: Δινδυμήνη), [1] in ancient Phrygian mythology, is one of the names of Cybele, mother of the gods. Temples to Dindymene were built in parts of ancient Ionia, such as Magnesia on the Maeander. The name may have been derived from Mount Dindymus in Phrygia, on whose slopes at Pessinus a temple
The Megalesia commenced on April 4, the anniversary of Cybele's arrival in Rome. The festival structure is unclear, but it included ludi scaenici (plays and other entertainments based on religious themes), probably performed on the deeply stepped approach to her temple; some of the plays were commissioned from well-known playwrights.
A tholos, adorned with frescoes, is at the top of the Sacra via, where the Clivus Palatinus branched off to the south. [5] Its approximate site is also probably indicated by the Haterii relief on which, to the immediate left of the arch of Titus, is a statue of the Magna Mater seated under an arch at the top of a flight of thirteen steps. [6]
The office as introduced when the cult of Cybele was officially introduced in Rome in 204 BC. The Priestess of Cybele served alongside a male priest of Cybele as the two leaders of the cult; together, they supervised the galli , the assistants, who performed other tasks around the liturgy, such as providing the holy music.
The temple was destroyed by an earthquake in the early 1st century. The sanctuary was dedicated to both Aphrodite and Cybele, who were worshipped here in parallel. There was a local correlation of Aphrodite-Cybele, which was mentioned by Hipponax and Photius. Inscriptions and votive offerings found at the site have testified to the parallel ...
the needle of the Mother of the Gods (Acus Matris Deum), kept in the Temple of Cybele on the Palatine Hill.; [5] the terracotta four-horse chariot brought from Veii ( Quadriga Fictilis Veientanorum ), supposed to have been commissioned by the last king of Rome Tarqinius Superbus , which was displayed on the roof of the Temple of Jupiter Optimus ...