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Biological control or biocontrol is a method of controlling pests, whether pest animals such as insects and mites, weeds, or pathogens affecting animals or plants by using other organisms. [1] It relies on predation , parasitism , herbivory , or other natural mechanisms, but typically also involves an active human management role.
Pest control is the regulation or management of a species defined as a pest; such as any animal, plant or fungus that impacts adversely on human activities or environment. [1] The human response depends on the importance of the damage done and will range from tolerance, through deterrence and management, to attempts to completely eradicate the ...
[21] [5] In classical biological control, there are two demonstrated examples of potential use of entomopathogenic fungi against exotic insect species affecting agriculture. The oldest example is the use of Entomophthora maimaiga against the Spongy moth (Lymantria dispar) in the United States during early 1900s. The spongy moth was introduced ...
Microfauna (from Ancient Greek mikros 'small' and from Latin fauna 'animal') are microscopic animals and organisms that exhibit animal-like qualities and have body sizes that are usually <0.1mm. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Microfauna are represented in the animal kingdom (e.g. nematodes , small arthropods ) and the protist kingdom (i.e. protozoans ).
Animal models have been used to assess human health risk from consumption of products containing Cry proteins. The United States Environmental Protection Agency recognizes mouse acute oral feeding studies where doses as high as 5,000 mg/kg body weight resulted in no observed adverse effects . [ 70 ]
[10] [11] As females are all relatively similar, taxonomists rely upon examination of males to tell the different species apart, using features of their antennae and genitalia. [ 12 ] [ 13 ] The first description of a Trichogramma species was in North America in 1871, by Charles V. Riley.
Similarly, the repeated use of a single class of controls will create pest populations that are more resistant to that class, whereas alternating among classes helps prevent this. [ 14 ] Preventive cultural practices —Selecting varieties best for local growing conditions and maintaining healthy crops is the first line of defense.
Biological control or biocontrol is a method of controlling pests, whether pest animals such as insects and mites, weeds, or pathogens affecting animals or plants by using other organisms. [83] It relies on predation, parasitism, herbivory, or other natural mechanisms, but typically also involves an active human management role.