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The Modern Defense (also known as the Robatsch Defence after Karl Robatsch) is a hypermodern chess opening in which Black allows White to occupy the center with pawns on d4 and e4, then proceeds to attack and undermine this "ideal" center without attempting to occupy it. The Modern Defense usually starts with the opening moves: 1. e4 g6
According to Jim Bickford, [1] one of the characteristics of this defense is the "cork-screw" maneuver the knight makes by traveling to the second rank via f6 and h5. In the introduction to his monograph, Bickford quotes the late Tony Miles as saying "The black knights are better on the second rank – a shame it takes two moves for them to get there."
This is a list of chess openings, ... Hungarian Opening: Reversed Modern Defense: 1. g3 d5 2. Bg2 c5 ... Queen's Pawn Game: Modern Defense: 1. d4 g6;
A distinction is usually drawn between the Pirc and lines where Black delays the development of his knight to f6, or omits it altogether; this is known as the Modern or Robatsch Defence. The tenth edition of Modern Chess Openings (1965) grouped the Pirc and Robatsch together as the "Pirc–Robatsch Defense".
The Modern Benoni is a chess opening that begins with the moves 1.d4 Nf6 2.c4 c5 3.d5 e6. It is classified under the ECO codes A60–A79. After the initial moves, Black proceeds to capture on d5, creating a majority of black pawns on the queenside. To support their advance, the king's bishop is usually fianchettoed on g7.
The opening is the initial stage of a chess game. It usually consists of established theory.The other phases are the middlegame and the endgame. [1] Many opening sequences, known as openings, have standard names such as "Sicilian Defense".
North Sea Variation (or Norwegian Defense) of the Modern Defence – 1.e4 g6 2.d4 Nf6 3.e5 Nh5; Norwegian Gambit of the Modern Defence – 1.e4 g6 2.d4 Nf6 3.e5 Nh5 4.Be2 d6; Norwegian Defence of the Modern Defense – 1.e4 g6 2.d4 Nf6; Norwegian Defence of the Ruy Lopez – 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bb5 a6 4.Ba4 b5 5.Bb3 Na5
The name "hypermodern" was originated by Tartakower; [4] his book Die hypermoderne Schachpartie (English: The Hypermodern Chess Game) was published in 1924. Nimzowitsch's book Mein System (English: My System) was published in 1925 through to 1927 in five installments. It discusses elements of hypermodernism, but focuses mainly on positional chess.