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This means that a person living in an average European dwelling with 50 Bq/m 3 has a lifetime excess lung cancer risk of 1.5–3 × 10 −3. Similarly, a person living in a dwelling with a high radon concentration of 1000 Bq/m 3 has a lifetime excess lung cancer risk of 3–6%, implying a doubling of background lung cancer risk. [63]
The public needs to be aware of radon risks and the means to reduce and prevent these." [2] In 1996 [citation needed], WHO published a report containing several conclusions and recommendations covering the scientific understanding of radon risk and the need for countries to take action in the areas of risk management and risk communication.
According to the European pooling study, there is a difference in risk for the histological subtypes of lung cancer and radon exposure. Small-cell lung carcinoma, which has a high correlation with smoking, has a higher risk after radon exposure. For other histological subtypes such as adenocarcinoma, the type that primarily affects non-smokers ...
Radon is a major cause of cancer; it is estimated to contribute to ~2% of all cancer related deaths in Europe. [1] Radium, like radon, is radioactive and is found in small quantities in nature and is hazardous to life if radiation exceeds 20-50 mSv/year. Radium is a decay product of uranium and thorium. [2]
The problem of this approach is that the stochastic risk of cancer induction varies from one tissue to another. The effective dose E is designed to account for this variation by the application of specific weighting factors for each tissue (W T). Effective dose provides the equivalent whole body dose that gives the same risk as the localised ...
Increased Risk of Solid Cancer with Dose for A-bomb survivors, from BEIR report.Notably, this exposure pathway occurred from essentially a massive spike or pulse of radiation, a result of the brief instant that the bomb exploded, which while somewhat similar to the environment of a CT scan, is wholly unlike the low dose rate of living in a contaminated area such as Chernobyl, where the dose ...
Radon is thus assumed to be the second leading cause of lung cancer after smoking, and accounts for 15,000 to 22,000 cancer deaths per year in the US alone. [9] [better source needed] However, the discussion about the opposite experimental results is still going on. [10] About 100,000 Bq/m 3 of radon was found in Stanley Watras's basement in 1984.
Other causes include radon, exposure to secondhand smoke, exposure to substances such as asbestos, chromium, nickel, beryllium, soot, or tar, family history of lung cancer, and air pollution. [5] [17] Genetics can also play a role as a family history of lung cancer can contribute to an increased risk of developing the disease. [1]