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This means that a person living in an average European dwelling with 50 Bq/m 3 has a lifetime excess lung cancer risk of 1.5–3 × 10 −3. Similarly, a person living in a dwelling with a high radon concentration of 1000 Bq/m 3 has a lifetime excess lung cancer risk of 3–6%, implying a doubling of background lung cancer risk. [63]
The public needs to be aware of radon risks and the means to reduce and prevent these." [2] In 1996 [citation needed], WHO published a report containing several conclusions and recommendations covering the scientific understanding of radon risk and the need for countries to take action in the areas of risk management and risk communication.
Alternative assumptions for the extrapolation of the cancer risk vs. radiation dose to low-dose levels, given a known risk at a high dose: supra-linearity (A), linear (B), linear-quadratic (C) and hormesis (D). The linear dose-response model suggests that any increase in dose, no matter how small, results in an incremental increase in risk.
The Iowa Radon Lung Cancer Study, which was overseen by Field, is widely considered the most comprehensive residential radon study ever performed. The study [ 3 ] found a 50% increased lung cancer risk at the EPA's radon action level of 4 pCi/L. Field is considered one of the leading advocates in the world for the reduction of radon exposure in ...
According to the European pooling study, there is a difference in risk for the histological subtypes of lung cancer and radon exposure. Small-cell lung carcinoma, which has a high correlation with smoking, has a higher risk after radon exposure. For other histological subtypes such as adenocarcinoma, the type that primarily affects non-smokers ...
Screening imaging exams are used to catch cancer early, reducing the risk of death. [26] It also reduces the risk of having serious life-limiting medical conditions, and avoiding surgery. [26] These tests include lung cancer screening, breast cancer screening, and more. [26] [27] Radiation is also used as therapy for many different types of ...
Recognized effects of higher acute radiation doses are described in more detail in the article on radiation poisoning.Although the International System of Units (SI) defines the sievert (Sv) as the unit of radiation dose equivalent, chronic radiation levels and standards are still often given in units of millirems (mrem), where 1 mrem equals 1/1,000 of a rem and 1 rem equals 0.01 Sv.
Radon is a major cause of cancer; it is estimated to contribute to ~2% of all cancer related deaths in Europe. [1] Radium, like radon, is radioactive and is found in small quantities in nature and is hazardous to life if radiation exceeds 20-50 mSv/year. Radium is a decay product of uranium and thorium. [2]