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A modern egg incubator. An incubator is a device simulating avian incubation by keeping eggs warm at a particular temperature range and in the correct humidity with a turning mechanism to hatch them. The common names of the incubator in other terms include breeding / hatching machines or hatchers, setters, and egg breeding / equipment. [1]
In the latter, the eggs develop in utero for about 28 days, with only about 10 days of external incubation (in contrast to a chicken egg, which spends about one day in tract and 21 days externally). [11] After laying her eggs, the female curls around them. The incubation period is divided into three phases.
An 1895 report from the American Counsel in Egypt stated there were "150 egg-ovens, each with a hatching capacity of 300,000 each season". The report also stated the importance of the poultry industry in Egypt. [13] In the 1910s it was reported that Egyptian poultry farmers used these incubators to produce over 90,000,000 chickens per year. [14]
The earliest incubators were invented thousands of years ago in ancient Egypt and China, where they were used to keep chicken eggs warm. [1] Use of incubators revolutionized food production, as it allowed chicks to hatch from eggs without requiring that a hen sit on them, thus freeing the hens to lay more eggs in a shorter period of time.
Some reptiles use incubation temperatures to determine sex. In some species, this follows the pattern that eggs in extremely high or low temperatures become female and eggs in medium temperatures become male. [14] Within the mechanism, two distinct patterns have been discovered and named Pattern I and Pattern II.
A dual-purpose chicken is a type of chicken that may be used in the production of both eggs and meat. [42] In the past, many chicken breeds were selected for both functions. However, since the advent of laying and meat hybrids, industrial chicken breeding has made a sharp distinction between chickens with either function, [ 43 ] so that certain ...
Incubator (culture), a device used to grow and maintain microbiological cultures or cell cultures; Incubator (egg), a device for maintaining the eggs of birds or reptiles to allow them to hatch; Incubator (neonatal), a device used to care for premature babies in a neonatal intensive-care unit
Another factor is due to the shortage of food stocks during winter as the insects are being driven away and as the result, bat hibernate in pregnant condition. [24] In pinnipeds, the purpose of delayed implantation is in order to increase survival chance of the young animals as the mother ensure that the neonates are born at an optimal season. [25]
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