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Sepsis requires immediate treatment with intravenous fluids and antimicrobial medications. [1] [5] Ongoing care and stabilization often continues in an intensive care unit. [1] If an adequate trial of fluid replacement is not enough to maintain blood pressure, then the use of medications that raise blood pressure becomes necessary. [1]
Septic shock is a result of a systemic response to infection or multiple infectious causes. The precipitating infections that may lead to septic shock if severe enough include but are not limited to appendicitis, pneumonia, bacteremia, diverticulitis, pyelonephritis, meningitis, pancreatitis, necrotizing fasciitis, MRSA and mesenteric ischemia.
Many patients eventually require parenteral nutrition. [15] Total parenteral nutrition (TPN) is a form of long-term nutritional treatment reserved for patients that have severe pseudo-obstruction. TPN dependent patients require frequent checkups to monitor catheter function, check liver enzyme levels, and evaluate for signs of blood infections ...
Control of inflammation, vascular function and coagulation to correct pathological differences in blood flow and microvascular shunting has been pointed to as a potentially important adjunct goal in the treatment of distributive shock. [2] People with septic shock are treated with antimicrobial drugs to treat the causative infection. [12]
A drug of last resort (DoLR), also known as a heroic dose, [1] is a pharmaceutical drug which is tried after all other drug options have failed to produce an adequate response in the patient. Drug resistance , such as antimicrobial resistance or antineoplastic resistance , may make the first-line drug ineffective, especially in case of ...
Total parenteral nutrition increases the risk of acute cholecystitis [27] due to complete disuse of the gastrointestinal tract, which may result in bile stasis in the gallbladder. Other potential hepatobiliary dysfunctions include steatosis, [28] steatohepatitis, cholestasis, and cholelithiasis. [29]
Intravenous glucose is used in some Asian countries as a pick-me-up, for "energy", but is not part of routine medical care in the United States where glucose solution is a prescription drug. Asian immigrants to the United States are at risk of infection if they seek intravenous glucose treatment. It may be had at storefront clinics catering to ...
The Surviving Sepsis Campaign guidelines recommend the very early management of the sepsis focusing on the hour-1 bundle. This includes use of Vasopressin 0.03 units/minute as add-on to norepinephrine (NE) with intent of either raising the mean arterial pressure or decreasing the norepinephrine dosage (i.e. de-catecholaminization). [13]