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  2. Eclipsed conformation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eclipsed_conformation

    Eclipsed conformation (image right in Newman projection ) Staggered conformation In chemistry an eclipsed conformation is a conformation in which two substituents X and Y on adjacent atoms A, B are in closest proximity, implying that the torsion angle X–A–B–Y is 0°. [ 1 ]

  3. Newman projection - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newman_projection

    [3] [4] This diagram style is an alternative to a sawhorse projection, which views a carbon–carbon bond from an oblique angle, or a wedge-and-dash style, such as a Natta projection. These other styles can indicate the bonding and stereochemistry, but not as much conformational detail.

  4. Alkane - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkane

    Newman projections of two of many conformations of ethane: eclipsed on the left, staggered on the right. Ball-and-stick models of the two rotamers of ethane. The spatial arrangement of the C-C and C-H bonds are described by the torsion angles of the molecule is known as its conformation.

  5. Waveguide (optics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waveguide_(optics)

    Because guided modes are trapped in the slab, they cannot be excited by light incident on the top or bottom interfaces. Light can be end-fire or butte coupled by injecting it with a lens in the plane of the slab. Alternatively a coupling element may be used to couple light into the waveguide, such as a grating coupler or prism coupler.

  6. How to See Rarely-Captured Shadow Bands During the Solar ...

    www.aol.com/see-rarely-captured-shadow-bands...

    The total solar eclipse phenomenon known as shadow bands—wiggly, rapidly moving bands of light and dark that can appear on flat, white surfaces about 30 seconds before and after totality—is ...

  7. Optics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optics

    The wavelength of visible light waves varies between 400 and 700 nm, but the term "light" is also often applied to infrared (0.7–300 μm) and ultraviolet radiation (10–400 nm). The wave model can be used to make predictions about how an optical system will behave without requiring an explanation of what is "waving" in what medium.

  8. Spectrum (physical sciences) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spectrum_(physical_sciences)

    [1] [2] Soon the term referred to a plot of light intensity or power as a function of frequency or wavelength, also known as a spectral density plot. Later it expanded to apply to other waves, such as sound waves and sea waves that could also be measured as a function of frequency (e.g., noise spectrum, sea wave spectrum).

  9. Kelvin wake pattern - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kelvin_wake_pattern

    Here ψ is the angle between the path of the wave source and the direction of wave propagation (the wave vector k), and the circles represent wavefronts. Consider one of the phase circles of Fig.12.3 for a particular k , corresponding to the time t in the past, Fig.12.2.