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The Bar Kokhba revolt [b] (Hebrew: מֶרֶד בַּר כּוֹכְבָא, romanized: Mereḏ Bar Kōḵḇāʾ ) was a large-scale armed rebellion initiated by the Jews of Judaea, led by Simon bar Kokhba, against the Roman Empire in 132 CE. [9]
Diaspora revolt (115–117)—known as the "Rebellion of the Exile" and sometimes called the Second Jewish–Roman War; includes the Kitos War in Judaea; Bar Kokhba revolt (132–136)—also called the Second Jewish–Roman War (when Kitos War is not counted), or the Third (when the Kitos War is counted).
During the revolt, the Jewish sage Rabbi Akiva regarded Simon as the Jewish messiah; the Talmud records his statement that the Star Prophecy verse from Numbers 24:17: [10] "There shall come a star out of Jacob," [11] referred to him, based on identification of the Hebrew word for star, kokhav, and his name, bar Kozeva.
Part of Trajan's Parthian Campaign Part of Jewish–Roman wars. Roman Empire: Jews of Judaea, Cyprus, Cyrenaica, Aegyptus, and Mesopotamia: 132 136 Bar Kokhba revolt. Part of Jewish–Roman wars. Roman Empire: Jews of Judaea under Simon Bar Kokhba: 351 352 Jewish revolt against Constantius Gallus: Byzantine Empire: Jews of Syria Palaestina: 484 ...
The revolt lasted for three years, and initially the rebels achieved great success, even gaining the support of the sages of the generation, led by Rabbi Akiva. As time passed, the revolt was crushed. Hundreds of thousands of Jews were killed, and the Jewish community in the Land of Israel was destroyed.
The Second Jewish Revolt can refer to the following: A phase of the Jewish–Roman wars. the Diaspora revolt; the Bar Kokhba revolt;
Betar (Biblical Hebrew: בֵּיתַּר, romanized: Bēttar), also spelled Beitar, Bethar or Bether, was an ancient Jewish town in the Judaean Mountains. Continuously inhabited since the Iron Age, [1] it was the last standing stronghold of the Bar Kokhba revolt, and was destroyed by the Imperial Roman Army under Hadrian in 135 CE. [2] [3] [4]
The empire also imposed the Fiscus Judaicus, a punitive tax on all Jews, and increased its military presence in the region. The Jewish–Roman wars reached their end in the Bar Kokhba revolt (132–136 CE), another attempt to restore Jewish independence, which led to even more catastrophic consequences for the Jews of Judaea.