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  2. Visual meteorological conditions - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_meteorological...

    The boundary criteria between IMC and VMC are known as the VMC minima and are defined by: visibility, cloud ceilings (for takeoffs and landings), and cloud clearances. The exact requirements vary by type of airspace, whether it is day or night (for countries that permit night VFR), and from country to country. Typical visibility requirements ...

  3. Visual flight rules - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_flight_rules

    Under visual meteorological conditions, the minimum visual range, distance from clouds, or cloud clearance requirements to be maintained above ground vary by jurisdiction, and may also vary according to the airspace in which the aircraft is operating. [4] In some countries, VFR flight is permitted at night, and is known as night VFR.

  4. Airspace class (United States) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airspace_class_(United_States)

    VFR visibility and cloud clearance requirements are the same as for class C and D airspaces when below 10,000 feet (3,000 m) MSL. Above 10,000 ft MSL, the visibility requirement is extended to 5 miles (8 km) and the cloud clearance requirement is extended to 1,000 feet (300 m) below clouds, 1,000 feet (300 m) above, and 1 mile (1.6 km) laterally.

  5. VFR-on-top - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VFR-on-Top

    VFR over-the-top is different from VFR-on-top, in that VFR-on-top is an IFR clearance that allows the pilot to fly VFR altitudes, while VFR over-the-top is strictly a VFR operation in which the pilot maintains VFR cloud clearance requirements while operating on top of an undercast layer. [2]

  6. VFR over-the-top - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VFR_Over-The-Top

    The Canadian rules specify that an aircraft may be operated in VFR OTT flight during the cruise portion of the flight during the day, at a vertical distance from clouds of at least 1000 feet. When the aircraft is operated between two cloud layers, the vertical distance between the layers must be at least 5000 feet.

  7. Aeronautical chart conventions (United States) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aeronautical_chart...

    The charts are published "in accordance with Interagency Air Cartographic Committee specifications and agreements, approved by the Department of Defense and the Federal Aviation Administration". The legend of an aeronautical chart lists many of the symbols, colors and codes used to convey information to the map reader.

  8. Sectional aeronautical chart - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sectional_aeronautical_chart

    In United States aviation, a sectional aeronautical chart, often called a sectional chart or a sectional for short, is a type of aeronautical chart designed for air navigation under visual flight rules (VFR). In Australia, Canada and some other countries, the equivalent charts used for visual flight are called VFR Navigation Charts (VNCs).

  9. Scud running - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scud_running

    In the United States, most controlled airspace below 10,000 ft (3,000 m) MSL requires a pilot flying under VFR to remain 500 ft (150 m) below a cloud ceiling and to maintain 3 statute miles (4.8 km) visibility. However, outside of airport control zones and major terminal areas, controlled airspace typically begins at 1,200 feet (370 m) above ...