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Exonuclease 1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the EXO1 gene. [ 5 ] [ 6 ] [ 7 ] This gene encodes a protein with 5' to 3' exonuclease activity as well as RNase activity (endonuclease activity cleaving RNA on DNA/RNA hybrid). [ 8 ]
Although the X chromosome could be stained just as well as the others, Henking was unsure whether it was a different class of the object and consequently named it X element, [4] which later became X chromosome after it was established that it was indeed a chromosome. [5] The idea that the X chromosome was named after its similarity to the ...
The cause of the condition lies in conception or utero with the aggregation of two distinct zygotes or blastocysts (one of which expresses 46,XX and the other of which expresses 46,XY) into a single embryo, [4] which subsequently leads to the development of a single individual with two distinct cell lines, instead of a pair of fraternal twins.
Crossing over occurs between prophase I and metaphase I and is the process where two homologous non-sister chromatids pair up with each other and exchange different segments of genetic material to form two recombinant chromosome sister chromatids. It can also happen during mitotic division, [1] which may
This helicase is located on the X chromosome (Xq13.1-q21.1), in the pericentromeric heterochromatin and binds to heterochromatin protein 1. [ 31 ] [ 33 ] Studies have shown that ATRX plays a role in rDNA methylation and is essential for embryonic development. [ 35 ]
A metaphase cell positive for the BCR/ABL rearrangement using FISH. Cytogenetics is essentially a branch of genetics, but is also a part of cell biology/cytology (a subdivision of human anatomy), that is concerned with how the chromosomes relate to cell behaviour, particularly to their behaviour during mitosis and meiosis. [1]
The imprinting produces effects similar to the mechanisms in other insects that eliminate paternally inherited chromosomes in male offspring, including arrhenotoky. [ 77 ] In social honey bees, the parent of origin and allele-specific genes has been studied from reciprocal crosses to explore the epigenetic mechanisms underlying aggressive behavior.
Him-14(MSH4) functions during the pachytene stage of meiosis, indicating that it is not needed for establishing the preceding stages of pairing and synapsis of homologous chromosomes. In an MSH4 mutant of rice, chiasma frequency was dramatically decreased to about 10% of the wild-type frequency, although the synaptonemal complex was normally ...