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[3] [5] Some of the muscle breakdown products, such as the protein myoglobin, are harmful to the kidneys and can cause acute kidney injury. [7] [3] The muscle damage is most usually caused by a crush injury, strenuous exercise, medications, or a substance use disorder. [3]
Ischemic ATN frequently presents with reperfusion injury to the kidney. Damage from oxygen radicals, inflammatory cells and molecules, edema, and other mechanisms mean that when oxygen flow is restored to the tissue, it can cause further damage to the kidney, potentially worsening prognosis. Despite this risk, the return of blood flow to the ...
Intrinsic AKI refers to disease processes which directly damage the kidney itself. Intrinsic AKI can be due to one or more of the kidney's structures including the glomeruli, kidney tubules, or the interstitium. Common causes of each are glomerulonephritis, acute tubular necrosis (ATN), and acute interstitial nephritis (AIN), respectively.
Consequently, this can affect peripheral and central perfusion which in turn can affect all major organ systems in the body. [ citation needed ] When the protein reaches the kidneys it causes a strain on the anatomical structures reducing its effectiveness as a filter for the body.
Kidney ischemia [1] is a disease with a high morbidity and mortality rate. [2] Blood vessels shrink and undergo apoptosis which results in poor blood flow in the kidneys. More complications happen when failure of the kidney functions result in toxicity in various parts of the body which may cause septic shock, hypovolemia, and a need for surgery. [3]
The specific action on the kidneys is not understood completely, but may be due partly to nephrotoxic metabolites of myoglobin. The most devastating systemic effects can occur when the crushing pressure is suddenly released, without proper preparation of the patient, causing reperfusion syndrome. In addition to tissue directly suffering the ...
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Unlike chronic kidney disease, however, the kidneys can often recover from acute kidney injury, allowing the person with AKI to resume a normal life. People with acute kidney injury require supportive treatment until their kidneys recover function, and they often remain at increased risk of developing future kidney failure.