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Confirmation bias, a phrase coined by English psychologist Peter Wason, is the tendency of people to favor information that confirms or strengthens their beliefs or values and is difficult to dislodge once affirmed. [4] Confirmation biases are effects in information processing.
Phrases such as those above present the appearance of support for statements but can deny the reader the opportunity to assess the source of the viewpoint. They may disguise a biased view. Claims about what people say, think, feel, or believe, and what has been shown, demonstrated, or proved should be clearly attributed. [c]
To ' beg the question ' (also called petitio principii) is to attempt to support a claim with a premise that itself restates or presupposes the claim. [13] It is an attempt to prove a proposition while simultaneously taking the proposition for granted.
Include any additional evidence, such as statements from your vet, that support your claim or dispute what they may think is a pre-existing condition. Be professional and detailed in your letter. 5.
Synonym list in cuneiform on a clay tablet, Neo-Assyrian period [1] A synonym is a word, morpheme, or phrase that means precisely or nearly the same as another word, morpheme, or phrase in a given language. [2] For example, in the English language, the words begin, start, commence, and initiate are all synonyms of one another: they are ...
Presentation of data that seems to support claims while suppressing or refusing to consider data that conflict with those claims. [58] This is an example of selection bias or cherry picking, a distortion of evidence or data that arises from the way that the data are collected. It is sometimes referred to as the selection effect.
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More recently, and in a similar vein, Ioannis Votsis (2014) [10] argues for an objectivist account of confirmation, according to which, monstrous hypotheses, i.e. roughly hypotheses that are put together in an ad hoc or arbitrary way, have internal barriers that prevent the spread of confirmation between their parts. Thus even though the ...