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Gynecologic cancer is a type of cancer that affects the female reproductive system, including ovarian cancer, uterine cancer, vaginal cancer, cervical cancer, and vulvar cancer. Gynecological cancers comprise 10-15% of women's cancers, mainly affecting women past reproductive age but posing threats to fertility for younger patients. [ 1 ]
[1] [2] Just over 80% of women survive more than 5 years following diagnosis. [8] In 2015 about 3.8 million women were affected globally and it resulted in 90,000 deaths. [4] [5] Endometrial cancer is relatively common while uterine sarcomas are rare. [3] In the United States, uterine cancers represent 3.5% of new cancer cases. [8]
The cause of CIN is chronic infection of the cervix with HPV, especially infection with high-risk HPV types 16 or 18. It is thought that the high-risk HPV infections have the ability to inactivate tumor suppressor genes such as the p53 gene and the RB gene, thus allowing the infected cells to grow unchecked and accumulate successive mutations, eventually leading to cancer.
Cervical cancer is a type of gynecological cancer that begins from cells lining the cervix, the lower part of the uterus. [14] Cervical cancer begins when the cells that line the cervix become abnormal and grow in a pattern that is atypical for non-cancerous cells. [14] Cervical cancer is typically first identified with an abnormal pap smear. [14]
Type 1 endometrial cancer is the most common endometrial cancer. [16] As many as 90% of patients diagnosed with Type 1 endometrial cancer are obese. [ 17 ] Although a correlation between obesity and ovarian cancer is possible, the association is predominantly found in low-grade subtypes of the cancer.
Carcinosarcoma of the uterus. In gross appearance, MMMTs are fleshier than adenocarcinomas, may be bulky and polypoid, and sometimes protrude through the cervical os.On histology, the tumors consist of adenocarcinoma (endometrioid, serous or clear cell) mixed with the malignant mesenchymal elements; alternatively, the tumor may contain two distinct and separate epithelial and mesenchymal ...
What are the signs of an incompetent cervix and can the condition be cured? Yahoo Life asked experts for causes, signs and possible treatments for the pregnancy complication.
As of 2014, approximately 320,000 women are diagnosed with endometrial cancer worldwide each year and 76,000 die, making it the sixth most common cancer in women. [3] It is more common in developed countries, where the lifetime risk of endometrial cancer in women is 1.6%, compared to 0.6% in developing countries. [16]