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  2. FASTA format - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FASTA_format

    In bioinformatics and biochemistry, the FASTA format is a text-based format for representing either nucleotide sequences or amino acid (protein) sequences, in which nucleotides or amino acids are represented using single-letter codes. The format allows for sequence names and comments to precede the sequences.

  3. Amino acid - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amino_acid

    The one-letter notation was chosen by IUPAC-IUB based on the following rules: [47] ... In addition to the specific amino acid codes, ...

  4. DNA and RNA codon tables - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA_and_RNA_codon_tables

    There are 64 different codons in the genetic code and the below tables; most specify an amino acid. [6] Three sequences, UAG, UGA, and UAA, known as stop codons, [note 1] do not code for an amino acid but instead signal the release of the nascent polypeptide from the ribosome. [7]

  5. Proteinogenic amino acid - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proteinogenic_amino_acid

    Structure of the 21 proteinogenic amino acids with 3 and 1 letters codes, grouped by side chain functionality ... Following is a table listing the one-letter symbols ...

  6. Genetic code - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetic_code

    If amino acids were randomly assigned to triplet codons, there would be 1.5 × 10 84 possible genetic codes. [81]: 163 This number is found by calculating the number of ways that 21 items (20 amino acids plus one stop) can be placed in 64 bins, wherein each item is used at least once. [82]

  7. Stop codon - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stop_codon

    Stop codon (red dot) of the human mitochondrial DNA MT-ATP8 gene, and start codon (blue circle) of the MT-ATP6 gene. For each nucleotide triplet (square brackets), the corresponding amino acid is given (one-letter code), either in the +1 reading frame for MT-ATP8 (in red) or in the +3 frame for MT-ATP6 (in blue).

  8. Scientists Say We May Have Been Wrong About the Origin of Life

    www.aol.com/lifestyle/scientists-may-wrong...

    One big paradigm shift proposed by ... (its letter designation is W). “[T]here is scientific consensus that W was the last of the 20 canonical amino acids to be added to the genetic code,” the ...

  9. Protein primary structure - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein_primary_structure

    Protein sequence is typically notated as a string of letters, listing the amino acids starting at the amino-terminal end through to the carboxyl-terminal end. Either a three letter code or single letter code can be used to represent the 22 naturally encoded amino acids, as well as mixtures or ambiguous amino acids (similar to nucleic acid ...