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The M8 detector paper does not detect agents in the form of aerosols or vapors. The M8 was a Canadian invention, being first standardized in 1963. [ 2 ] By 1964 it entered US service as part of the M15A2 Chemical Agent Detector Kit, with about 67,000 of these kits being produced from 1965-1969, with most other NATO nations also purchasing the M8.
It is advised to check the references for photos of reaction results. [1] Reagent testers might show the colour of the desired substance while not showing a different colour for a more dangerous additive. [2]
In gastroenterology, esophageal pH monitoring is the current gold standard for diagnosis of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). It provides direct physiologic measurement of acid in the esophagus and is the most objective method to document reflux disease, assess the severity of the disease and monitor the response of the disease to medical or surgical treatment.
Conversely, if a 10-fold excess of the acid occurs with respect to the base, the ratio is 1:10 and the pH is pK a − 1 or pK b − 1. For optimal accuracy, the color difference between the two species should be as clear as possible, and the narrower the pH range of the color change the better.
Acid reflux into the mouth can cause breakdown of the enamel, especially on the inside surface of the teeth. A dry mouth, acid or burning sensation in the mouth, bad breath and redness of the palate may occur. [27] Less common symptoms of GERD include difficulty in swallowing, water brash, chronic cough, hoarse voice, nausea and vomiting. [26]
There are several classes of drugs for acid-related disorders, such as dyspepsia, peptic ulcer disease (PUD), gastroesophageal reflux disease (GORD/GERD), or laryngopharyngeal reflux. The World Health Organization gives drugs in these classes the categorization code ATC code A02.
The United States Department of Justice method for producing the reagent is the addition of 100 mL of concentrated (95–98%) sulfuric acid to 5 mL of 40% formaldehyde. [1]: 12 Different compounds produce different color reactions. Methanol may be added to slow down the reaction process to allow better observation of the colour change.
Stress – Can cause higher levels of acid reflux; Radiation therapy – Can affect the immune system. Allergies (food, inhalants) – Allergies can stimulate eosinophilic esophagitis. Infection – People with immunodeficiencies have a higher chance of developing esophagitis. Vomiting – Acid can irritate esophagus.