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Modelling British railway prototypes is a hobby where railway modelling is applied to British prototypes. For historical reasons, British model scales have developed somewhat separately from those in other countries, and the commercial standards; 00 gauge and British N gauge are unique to British prototypes.
A similar problem and solution was adopted with OO gauge and British TT gauge in Britain. However, since N scales to 1,332-millimetre (4 ft 4.4 in) gauge, it is less out of scale than OO (1,257 mm or 4 ft 1.5 in) or TT3 (1,219 mm or 4 ft 0 in) in representing the 1,435 mm (4 ft 8 + 1 ⁄ 2 in) standard gauge.
The term N gauge refers to the track dimensions, but in the United Kingdom in particular British N gauge refers to a 1:148 scale with 1:160 (9 mm or 0.354 in) track gauge modelling. The terms N scale and N gauge are often inaccurately used interchangeably, as scale is defined as ratio or proportion of the model, and gauge only as a distance ...
Thus the scale and approximate prototype gauge are represented, with the model gauge used (9 mm for H0e gauge; 6.5 mm for H0f gauge) being implied. [2] The scales used include the general European modelling range of Z, N, TT, H0, 0 and also the large model engineering gauges of I to X, including 3 + 1 ⁄ 2, 5, 7 + 1 ⁄ 4 and 10 + 1 ⁄ 4-inch ...
This scale is also popular in North America to depict 3 ft (914 mm) narrow-gauge prototypes (using dedicated 14.28 mm (0.562 in) gauge track and known as "Sn3"), and elsewhere to depict the 3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm) narrow-gauge railways (using H0 scale 16.5 mm / 0.65 in gauge track and known as "Sn3 1 ⁄ 2") of South Africa, Australia and New Zealand.
The modern standards for toy trains also include S gauge, HO scale, N scale, and Z scale, in descending order of size. HO and N scale are the most popular model railway standards of today; inexpensive sets sold in toy stores and catalogs are less realistic than those sold to hobbyists. O gauge arguably remains the most popular toy train standard.
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Using N gauge 9 mm track to model narrow-gauge prototypes is also popular in HO scale model railways. In Europe, this is known as H0e while in the United States this is called HOn30 or HOn2 1 ⁄ 2. As the latter indicates, 9 mm in HO scale is 783 mm (30.8 in) in the theoretical prototype, closer to 2 ft 6 in (762 mm) gauge.