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Robert Fludd's 1618 "water screw" perpetual motion machine from a 1660 wood engraving.It is widely credited as the first attempt to describe such a device. [note 1] [1] Something for Nothing (1940), a short film featuring Rube Goldberg illustrating the U.S. Patent Office's policy regarding perpetual motion machines (and the power efficiency of gasoline)
CAPTCHA. This CAPTCHA (reCAPTCHA v1) of "smwm" obscures its message from computer interpretation by twisting the letters and adding a slight background color gradient. A CAPTCHA (/ ˈkæp.tʃə / KAP-chə) is a type of challenge–response test used in computing to determine whether the user is human in order to deter bot attacks and spam.
Monty Hall problem. In search of a new car, the player chooses a door, say 1. The game host then opens one of the other doors, say 3, to reveal a goat and offers to let the player switch from door 1 to door 2. The Monty Hall problem is a brain teaser, in the form of a probability puzzle, based nominally on the American television game show Let ...
The Visual Turing Test, [1] it is “an operator-assisted device that produces a stochastic sequence of binary questions from a given test image”. [1] The query engine produces a sequence of questions that have unpredictable answers given the history of questions. The test is only about vision and does not require any natural language processing.
A generative adversarial network (GAN) is a class of machine learning frameworks and a prominent framework for approaching generative artificial intelligence. [1][2] The concept was initially developed by Ian Goodfellow and his colleagues in June 2014. [3] In a GAN, two neural networks contest with each other in the form of a zero-sum game ...
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Augmented reality. Virtual Fixtures – first AR system, U.S. Air Force, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base (1992) Augmented reality (AR) is an interactive experience that combines the real world and computer-generated 3D content. The content can span multiple sensory modalities, including visual, auditory, haptic, somatosensory and olfactory. [1]
Dice are an example of a mechanical hardware random number generator. When a cubical die is rolled, a random number from 1 to 6 is obtained. Random number generation is a process by which, often by means of a random number generator (RNG), a sequence of numbers or symbols that cannot be reasonably predicted better than by random chance is generated.