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The common octopus (Octopus vulgaris) is a mollusk belonging to the class Cephalopoda. Octopus vulgaris is one of the most studied of all octopus species, and also one of the most intelligent. It ranges from the eastern Atlantic, extends from the Mediterranean Sea , Black sea and the southern coast of England , to the southern coast of South ...
Like many other octopuses, the blanket octopus uses ink to intimidate potential predators. [7] Also, when threatened, the female unfurls her large net-like membranes that spread out and billow in the water, greatly increasing her apparent size. Blanket octopuses usually live in coral reefs, where they hunt for food, which consists of small fish.
Phenotypic differences between sexes are evident even in cultured cells from tissues. [132] For example, female muscle-derived stem cells have a better muscle regeneration efficiency than male ones. [133] There are reports of several metabolic differences between male and female cells [134] and they also respond to stress differently. [135]
An octopus (pl.: octopuses or octopodes [a]) is a soft-bodied, eight-limbed mollusc of the order Octopoda (/ ɒ k ˈ t ɒ p ə d ə /, ok-TOP-ə-də [3]).The order consists of some 300 species and is grouped within the class Cephalopoda with squids, cuttlefish, and nautiloids.
Hectocotyli are shaped in many distinctive ways, and vary considerably between species. The shape of the tip of the hectocotylus has been much used in octopus systematics. Many coleoids lack hectocotyli altogether. [6] Among Decapodiformes (ten-limbed cephalopods), generally either one or both of arms IV are hectocotylized.
Sequential hermaphroditism (called dichogamy in botany) is one of the two types of hermaphroditism, the other type being simultaneous hermaphroditism.It occurs when the organism's sex changes at some point in its life. [1]
The development of sexual differences begins with the XY sex-determination system that is present in humans, and complex mechanisms are responsible for the development of the phenotypic differences between male and female humans from an undifferentiated zygote. [3]
Sexual differentiation is the process of development of the sex differences between males and females from an undifferentiated zygote. [1] [2] Sex determination is often distinct from sex differentiation; sex determination is the designation for the development stage towards either male or female, while sex differentiation is the pathway towards the development of the phenotype.