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A formal data collection process is necessary, as it ensures that the data gathered are both defined and accurate. This way, subsequent decisions based on arguments embodied in the findings are made using valid data. [4] The process provides both a baseline from which to measure and in certain cases an indication of what to improve.
Secondary research is based on already published data and information gathered from other conducted studies. [8] It is a common practice by researchers to conduct secondary research before primary research in order to determine what information is not already available. [ 9 ]
According to a common view, data is collected and analyzed; data only becomes information suitable for making decisions once it has been analyzed in some fashion. [8] One can say that the extent to which a set of data is informative to someone depends on the extent to which it is unexpected by that person.
Data analysis is a process for obtaining raw data, and subsequently converting it into information useful for decision-making by users. [1] Data is collected and analyzed to answer questions, test hypotheses, or disprove theories. [11] Statistician John Tukey, defined data analysis in 1961, as:
Data collection system (DCS) is a computer application that facilitates the process of data collection, allowing specific, structured information to be gathered in a systematic fashion, subsequently enabling data analysis to be performed on the information.
Such information could then become data for further processing, for example as part of a predictive marketing campaign. As a result of processing, raw data sometimes ends up being put in a database , which enables the raw data to become accessible for further processing and analysis in any number of different ways.
A report is a document or a statement that presents information in an organized format for a specific audience and purpose. Although summaries of reports may be delivered orally, complete reports are usually given in the form of written documents.
Multimethodology or multimethod research includes the use of more than one method of data collection or research in a research study or set of related studies.Mixed methods research is more specific in that it includes the mixing of qualitative and quantitative data, methods, methodologies, and/or paradigms in a research study or set of related studies.