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The jigsaw technique is a cooperative learning method that brings about both individual accountability and achievement of the team goals. [5] The process derives its name from the jigsaw puzzle because it involves putting the parts of the assignment together to form a whole picture. [ 6 ]
Elliot Aronson (born January 9, 1932) is an American psychologist who has carried out experiments on the theory of cognitive dissonance and invented the Jigsaw Classroom, a cooperative teaching technique that facilitates learning while reducing interethnic hostility and prejudice.
The jigsaw method has been shown to actually reduce prejudice toward members of the stigmatized group. A stigmatized group is a group that “has an attribute that marks them as different and leads them to be devalued in the eyes of others”. [7] The stigmatized group in the context of the jigsaw method is typically a racial minority group.
The Jigsaw method has been proposed as a strategy to improve race relations since it meets the criteria posed by contact theory for reducing racial prejudice. Intergroup contact theory states that interracial contact will only improve race relations if ethnic groups are of equal status, pursue a common goal of mutual interest for groups, and ...
The reverse jigsaw method resembles the original jigsaw method in some way but has its own objectives to be fulfilled. While the jigsaw method focuses on the student's comprehension of the instructor's material, the reverse jigsaw method focuses on the participant's interpretations, perceptions, and judgements through active discussion.
Sherif's work on superordinate goals is widely seen as a rebuttal of contact theory, [2] which states that prejudice and discrimination between groups widely exists due to a lack of contact between them. This lack of contact causes both sides to develop misconceptions about those who they do not know and to act on those misconceptions in ...
It is argued that since prejudice is defined as a negative affect towards members of a group, there are many groups against whom prejudice is acceptable (such as rapists, men who abandon their families, pedophiles, neo-Nazis, drink-drivers, queue jumpers, murderers etc.), yet such prejudices are not studied.
The reduction of prejudice through intergroup contact can be described as the reconceptualization of group categories. Allport (1954) claimed that prejudice is a direct result of generalizations and oversimplifications made about an entire group of people based on incomplete or mistaken information.