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The water-water energetic reactor (WWER), [1] or VVER (from Russian: водо-водяной энергетический реактор; transliterates as vodo-vodyanoi enyergeticheskiy reaktor; water-water power reactor) is a series of pressurized water reactor designs originally developed in the Soviet Union, and now Russia, by OKB Gidropress. [2]
The VBER-300 is a proposed Russian pressurized water reactor of 325-MWe generating capacity designed for remote locations. The exterior containment structure is 16 meters high and the working section, built with transportable modules, weighs 1300 tonnes.
In August 2022, construction of the first hull started in China, planned to be delivered to Russia in 2023 for installation of reactors and equipment. [ 12 ] On 31 December 2021 Rosatom announced that these four new floating plants will carry a new, slightly improved version of RITM-200 cores, named RITM-200S, currently in development.
'Water-Water Energy Reactor Universal [a] Optimized Digital [b] ') is a generation III+ nuclear power reactor based on VVER technology developed by Rosatom. [1] The VVER-TOI design is intended to improve the competitiveness of Russian VVER technology in international markets.
In accord with legislation passed in 2001, all Russian civil reactors are operated by Energoatom.More recently in 2007 Russian Parliament adopted the law "On the peculiarities of the management and disposition of the property and shares of organizations using nuclear energy and on relevant changes to some legislative acts of the Russian Federation", which created Atomenergoprom - a holding ...
Soviet naval reactors have been used to power both military and civilian vessels, including: Nuclear submarines: Attack submarines. Cruise missile submarines. Ballistic missile submarines. Nuclear icebreakers: Soviet icebreaker Lenin; Arktika-class icebreakers; Taymyr-class icebreakers; Russian floating nuclear power stations: Akademik Lomonosov
After the breach of the Nova Kakhovka dam in June 2023, which precipitously lowered water levels used for cooling the plant, all of the reactors at ZNPP were put into “cold shutdown” status ...
The ELENA reactor is a compact Russian pressurized water reactor (PWR) of 68-kWe generating capacity currently being developed by the Kurchatov Institute.To develop the reactor, techniques were used derived from the construction and operation of marine and space power plants and the operational experience of the GAMMA reactor.