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Precast concrete is a construction product produced by casting concrete in a reusable mold or "form" which is then cured in a controlled environment, transported to the construction site and maneuvered into place; examples include precast beams, and wall panels, floors, roofs, and piles.
The first expanded polystyrene ICF Wall forms were developed in the late 1960s with the expiration of the original patent and the advent of modern foam plastics by BASF. [citation needed] Canadian contractor Werner Gregori filed the first patent for a foam concrete form in 1966 with a block "measuring 16 inches high by 48 inches long with a tongue-and-groove interlock, metal ties, and a waffle ...
When selecting an anchor, consider the element formwork and the ease of placement and securing of the anchor prior and during the pouring of the concrete. For example, some of the anchors shown in figures 4-6, can be placed into thin wall elements as the anchor chair maintains the position relative to the element thickness.
A finished tilt-up building. Tilt-up, tilt-slab or tilt-wall is a type of building and a construction technique using concrete.Though it is a cost-effective technique with a shorter completion time, [1] poor performance in earthquakes has mandated significant seismic retrofit requirements in older buildings.
A concrete slab is a common structural element of modern buildings, consisting of a flat, horizontal surface made of cast concrete. Steel- reinforced slabs, typically between 100 and 500 mm thick, are most often used to construct floors and ceilings, while thinner mud slabs may be used for exterior paving ( see below ).
The characteristic strength is defined as the strength of the concrete below which not more than 5% of the test results are expected to fall. [ 16 ] For design purposes, this compressive strength value is restricted by dividing with a factor of safety, whose value depends on the design philosophy used.
Concrete spalling from the ceiling of an office unit (interior) in Singapore, possibly due to rebar corrosion. Reinforced concrete can fail due to inadequate strength, leading to mechanical failure, or due to a reduction in its durability. Corrosion and freeze/thaw cycles may damage poorly designed or constructed reinforced concrete.
Concrete creep is essentially the sagging of concrete over time. Creep and shrinkage of concrete are two physical properties of concrete.The creep of concrete, which originates from the calcium silicate hydrates (C-S-H) in the hardened Portland cement paste (which is the binder of mineral aggregates), is fundamentally different from the creep of metals and polymers.