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Psychogenic causes – psychosocial stresses, fear associated with urination, paruresis ("shy bladder syndrome") – in extreme cases, urinary retention can result. noradrenergic drugs, that includes tricyclic antidepressants, as well as duloxetine, reboxetine, atomoxetine, venlafaxine, [8] and stimulants, such as methylphenidate, amphetamine ...
Oliguria or hypouresis is the low output of urine specifically more than 80 ml/day but less than 400ml/day. [1] The decreased output of urine may be a sign of dehydration, kidney failure, hypovolemic shock, hyperosmolar hyperglycemic nonketotic syndrome (HHNS), multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, urinary obstruction/urinary retention, diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), pre-eclampsia, and urinary ...
Acute kidney injury (AKI), previously called acute renal failure (ARF), [12] [13] is a rapidly progressive loss of renal function, [14] generally characterized by oliguria (decreased urine production, quantified as less than 400 mL per day in adults, [15] less than 0.5 mL/kg/h in children or less than 1 mL/kg/h in infants); and fluid and ...
A 2014 meta-analysis found that, for elderly males with LUTS, sitting to urinate meant there was a decrease in post-void residual volume (PVR, ml), increased maximum urinary flow (Qmax, ml/s), which is comparable with pharmacological intervention, and decreased the voiding time (VT, s). [19]
Urethral slings may be used in both adults and children [12] [13] [14] Artificial Urinary Sphincters have shown good term outcomes in adults and pediatric patients. [15] [13] [16] An artificial urinary sphincter has three components: a control pump, an inflatable cuff that goes around the urethra, and a pressure regulating balloon. [17]
Norovirus is the most common cause of viral diarrhea in adults, [31] but rotavirus is the most common cause in children under five years old. [32] Adenovirus types 40 and 41, [ 33 ] and astroviruses cause a significant number of infections. [ 34 ]
Giggle incontinence is more common in children than adults, typically appearing at ages 5 to 7, [2] and is most common in girls near the onset of puberty [3] but can also happen to boys/males. The condition tends to improve with age, with fewer episodes during the teenage years, [ 2 ] but may persist into the teenage years or adulthood. [ 3 ]
Physical findings of increased temperature, increased pulse, low blood pressure in the presence of dysuria can indicate systemic infection. Urological obstruction due to stone or tumor can result in findings of hematuria, decreased urination, and bladder spasms. All these physical findings should be looked for carefully while obtaining history.