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If the cyst is asymptomatic and appears to be either benign or normal (i.e., a cyst with a benign appearance and a size of less than 3 cm diameter in premenopausal women or less than 1 cm in postmenopausal women [8]), then delaying surgery, in the hope that it will prove unnecessary, is appropriate and recommended. [8]
Many cysts remain small, are followed closely by a clinician, and resolve on their own. [8] Surgery and/or drainage is performed to remove the cyst. [10] Treatment continues after the surgical removal by scheduled followups with the medical provider who looks for changes in the cyst. [8] Bartholin gland cysts often need to be drained.
There are four types of ovarian cysts — functional cysts, PCOS cysts, benign ovarian tumor and malignant ovarian tumor — that range from harmless to fatal.
These patient factors include: (1) size of cyst and whether or not it is benign or malignant, (2) patient symptoms, (3) patient age, and (4) impact of cyst on the pregnancy. [23] Benign cysts less than 6 cm are more likely to spontaneously resolve over time. Surgical treatments may be needed for serious complications due to theca lutein cysts.
In premenopausal women, adnexal masses include ovarian cysts, ectopic (tubal) pregnancies, benign or malignant tumors, endometriomas, polycystic ovaries, and tubo-ovarian abscess. The most common causes for adnexal masses in premenopausal women include follicular cysts and corpus luteum cysts.
There is a small association between Gartner's duct cysts and metanephric urinary anomalies, such as ectopic ureter and ipsilateral renal hypoplasia. [5] Symptoms of a Gartner's duct cyst include: infections, bladder dysfunction, abdominal pain, vaginal discharge, and urinary incontinence. [6] The size of the cyst is usually less than 2 cm.
A corpus luteum cyst or luteal cyst is a type of ovarian cyst which may rupture about the time of menstruation, and take up to three months to disappear entirely. A corpus luteum cyst does not often occur in women over the age of 50, because eggs are no longer being released after menopause. Corpus luteum cysts may contain blood and other fluids.
Peritoneal inclusion cysts are commonly visualized on ultrasonography as a spider-web-like pattern. A normal-looking ovary is encircled by a big, irregular or oval, echolucent cyst with fine internal septations. The ovary is frequently located in the middle of the inclusion cyst or on its lateral aspect, appearing to be dangling inside the cyst ...