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Texas has been in the top-tier of wind energy production over the U.S. since 2000. [5] According to the Electric Reliability Council of Texas (ERCOT), wind power accounted for at least 15.7 percent of the electricity generated in Texas during 2017. Wind power accounted for 17.4 percent of the electricity managed by ERCOT.
The environmental impact of electricity generation from wind power is minor when compared to that of fossil fuel power. [58] Wind turbines have some of the lowest global warming potential per unit of electricity generated: far less greenhouse gas is emitted than for the average unit of electricity, so wind power helps limit climate change. [59]
Texas produces the most wind power of any U.S. state. [5] [7] According to the Electric Reliability Council of Texas (ERCOT), wind power accounted for at least 15.7% of the electricity generated in Texas during 2017. [8] [9] ERCOT set a new wind output record of nearly 19.7 GW on January 21, 2019. [10]
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After years of preparation, [31] [32] the Texas Renewable Portfolio Standard was originally created by Senate Bill 7 and signed by Governor Bush in 1999, [33] [34] [35] which helped Texas eventually become the leading producer of wind powered electricity in the U.S. [36] [37] The RPS was part of new laws that restructured the electricity industry.
Electricity generation requires large plants and ground temperatures of at least 150 °C (302 °F). In some countries, electricity produced from geothermal energy accounts for a large portion of the total, such as Kenya (43%) and Indonesia (5%). [130] Technical advances may eventually make geothermal power more widely available.
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The rebound effect is generally expressed as a ratio of the lost benefit compared to the expected environmental benefit when holding consumption constant. [ 7 ] For instance, if a 5% improvement in vehicle fuel efficiency results in only a 2% drop in fuel use, there is a 60% rebound effect (since (5-2) ⁄ 5 = 60%). [ 8 ]