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  2. History of calculus - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_calculus

    The ancient period introduced some of the ideas that led to integral calculus, but does not seem to have developed these ideas in a rigorous and systematic way. . Calculations of volumes and areas, one goal of integral calculus, can be found in the Egyptian Moscow papyrus (c. 1820 BC), but the formulas are only given for concrete numbers, some are only approximately true, and they are not ...

  3. Limit (mathematics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limit_(mathematics)

    In mathematics, a limit is the value that a function (or sequence) approaches as the argument (or index) approaches some value. [1] Limits of functions are essential to calculus and mathematical analysis , and are used to define continuity , derivatives , and integrals .

  4. Calculus - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calculus

    The tangent line is a limit of secant lines just as the derivative is a limit of difference quotients. For this reason, the derivative is sometimes called the slope of the function f. [49]: 61–63 Here is a particular example, the derivative of the squaring function at the input 3. Let f(x) = x 2 be the squaring function.

  5. Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gottfried_Wilhelm_Leibniz

    Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz (or Leibnitz; [a] 1 July 1646 [O.S. 21 June] – 14 November 1716) was a German polymath active as a mathematician, philosopher, scientist and diplomat who is credited, alongside Sir Isaac Newton, with the creation of calculus in addition to many other branches of mathematics, such as binary arithmetic and statistics.

  6. Timeline of calculus and mathematical analysis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_calculus_and...

    1659 - Second edition of Van Schooten's Latin translation of Descartes' Geometry with appendices by Hudde and Heuraet, 1665 - Isaac Newton discovers the generalized binomial theorem and develops his version of infinitesimal calculus, 1667 - James Gregory publishes Vera circuli et hyperbolae quadratura, 1668 - Nicholas Mercator publishes ...

  7. Madhava of Sangamagrama - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madhava_of_Sangamagrama

    Mādhava of Sangamagrāma (Mādhavan) [4] (c. 1340 – c. 1425) was an Indian mathematician and astronomer who is considered to be the founder of the Kerala school of astronomy and mathematics in the Late Middle Ages. Madhava made pioneering contributions to the study of infinite series, calculus, trigonometry, geometry and algebra.

  8. John Wallis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wallis

    He shows that the areas are, respectively, 1, 1/6, 1/30, 1/140, etc. He next considered curves of the form y = x 1/ m and established the theorem that the area bounded by this curve and the lines x = 0 and x = 1 is equal to the area of the rectangle on the same base and of the same altitude as m : m + 1.

  9. Limit of a function - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limit_of_a_function

    In particular, one can no longer talk about the limit of a function at a point, but rather a limit or the set of limits at a point. A function is continuous at a limit point p of and in its domain if and only if f(p) is the (or, in the general case, a) limit of f(x) as x tends to p. There is another type of limit of a function, namely the ...