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Annual ryegrass toxicity (ARGT) is the poisoning of livestock from toxin contained in bacterially infected annual ryegrass (Lolium rigidum). The toxin is produced by the bacterium Rathayibacter toxicus (formerly Clavibacter toxicus ), which is carried into the ryegrass by the nematode Anguina funesta .
Rathayibacter toxicus, transported by the parasitic nematode Anguina funesta, is infectious to annual ryegrass and is the principal cause of annual ryegrass toxicity (ARGT). [1] ARGT is a neurological disorder caused by R. toxicus ’ secretion of a lethal glycolipid toxin (structurally similar to tunicamycin) in infected livestock.
Lolium multiflorum (Italian rye-grass, [2] annual ryegrass) is a ryegrass native to temperate Europe, though its precise native range is unknown. [3] It is a herbaceous annual, biennial, or perennial grass that is grown for silage, and as a cover crop. [4] [5] It is also grown as an ornamental grass.
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Poa annua, or annual meadow grass (known in America more commonly as annual bluegrass or simply poa), is a widespread low-growing turfgrass in temperate climates. Notwithstanding the reference to annual plant in its name, perennial bio-types do exist. [2] This grass originated as a hybrid between Poa supina and Poa infirma. [3]
[2] [3] It is often called ryegrass, but this term is sometimes used to refer to grasses in other genera. They are characterized by bunch-like growth habits. Lolium is native to Europe , Asia and northern Africa , as well as being cultivated and naturalized in Australia , the Americas , and various oceanic islands.
Annual ryegrass is a common name for several species of ryegrass and may refer to: Lolium multiflorum, known as "annual ryegrass" in the United States, ...