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Texas has a coastline on the Gulf of Mexico to the southeast. Covering 268,596 square miles (695,660 km 2), and with some 30.5 million residents as of 2023, [10] [11] [12] it is the second-largest state by both area and population. Texas is nicknamed the Lone Star State for its former status as an independent republic. [13]
The geography of Texas is diverse and large. Occupying about 7% of the total water and land area of the U.S., [1] it is the second largest state after Alaska, and is the southernmost part of the Great Plains, which end in the south against the folded Sierra Madre Oriental of Mexico.
Texas is placed in the Southern United States by the United States Census Bureau. [1] The Republic of Texas joined the United States as the 28th state on December 29, 1845. Texas joined the Confederate States of America during the American Civil War from 1861 to 1865 but was readmitted to the Union in 1870.
Spain was the first European country to claim and control Texas. Following a short-lived colony controlled by France, Mexico controlled the land until 1836 when Texas won its independence, becoming the Republic of Texas. In 1845, Texas joined the United States of America as the 28th state.
U.S. Census Bureau regions and divisions. Since 1950, the United States Census Bureau defines four statistical regions, with nine divisions. [1] [2] The Census Bureau region definition is "widely used ... for data collection and analysis", [3] and is the most commonly used classification system.
Indigenous people lived in what is now Texas more than 10,000 years ago, as evidenced by the discovery of the remains of prehistoric Leanderthal Lady.In 1519, the arrival of the first Spanish conquistadors in the region of North America now known as Texas found the region occupied by numerous Native American tribes.
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Houston (/ ˈ h juː s t ən / ⓘ HEW-stən) is the most populous city in the U.S. state of Texas and the Southern United States.Located in Southeast Texas near Galveston Bay and the Gulf of Mexico, it is the seat of Harris County; as well as the principal city of the Greater Houston metropolitan area, the fifth-most populous metropolitan statistical area in the United States and the second ...