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The extrinsic muscles act on the region and pass between the larynx and parts around it but have their origin elsewhere; the intrinsic muscles are confined entirely within the larynx and have their origin and insertion there. [4] The intrinsic muscles are divided into respiratory and the phonatory muscles (the muscles of phonation).
The oblique arytenoid is bilaterally paired intrinsic muscle of the larynx. It is superficial to the transverse arytenoid; the oblique and transverse arytenoids are often considered two parts of a single muscle - the interarytenoid muscle (which is then said to have an oblique part and a transverse part). [1]
The arytenoid muscle / ær ɪ ˈ t iː n ɔɪ d / or interarytenoid muscle is a composite intrinsic muscle of the larynx, consisting of a transverse part and an oblique part - the two parts may be considered as separate muscles: an unpaired transverse arytenoid muscle, and a bilaterally paired oblique arytenoid muscle.
The lateral cricoarytenoid (also anterior cricoarytenoid) is an intrinsic muscle of the larynx. It attaches at the cricoid cartilage anteriorly, and at the arytenoid cartilage of the same side posteriorly. It is innervated by the recurrent laryngeal nerve. It acts to close the rima glottidis, thus closing the airway.
The aryepiglottic muscle or aryepiglotticus muscle, often considered the aryepiglottic part of oblique arytenoid muscle, is an intrinsic muscle of the larynx. [1] It is a direct continuation of a portion of the fibers of the oblique arytenoid muscle, sharing its innervation and blood supply, after these select fibers travel laterally around the arytenoid apex to the aryepiglottic fold.
The transverse arytenoid is an unpaired intrinsic muscle of the larynx. It is situated deep to the two oblique arytenoids; the oblique and transverse arytenoids are often considered two parts of a single muscle - the interarytenoid (arytenoid) muscle (which is then said to have an oblique part and a transverse part).
The posterior cricoarytenoid muscle is a (bilaterally paired) intrinsic muscle of the larynx. It arises from the cricoid cartilage; it inserts onto the arytenoid cartilage of the same side. It is innervated by the recurrent laryngeal nerve. Each acts to open the vocal folds by pulling the vocal fold of the same side laterally.
The recurrent laryngeal nerves control all intrinsic muscles of the larynx except for the cricothyroid muscle. [15] [a] These muscles act to open, close, and adjust the tension of the vocal cords, and include the posterior cricoarytenoid muscles, the only muscle to open the vocal cords.