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In domestic dogs, sexual maturity occurs between the ages of 6 and 12 months for both males and females, although this can be delayed until up to two years of age for some large breeds. [2] Pregnancy is possible as soon as the first estrus cycle, but breeding is not recommended prior to the second cycle. [3]
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Dogs reach puberty between 6 and 24 months old, at which age female dogs will start having an estrous cycle. There are four stages of estrous: proestrus, estrus, diestrus, and anestrus. A dog in estrus, also known as being "in heat", can become pregnant during this 3- to 21-day period. [3]
The Dobermann is a medium-large dog of pinscher type. [10] Dogs stand some 68–72 cm (27–28 in) at the withers, with a weight usually in the range 40–50 kg (88–110 lb); bitches are considerably smaller, with height and weight ranges of 63–68 cm (25–27 in) and 32–35 kg (71–77 lb) respectively.
Another factor is due to the shortage of food stocks during winter as the insects are being driven away and as the result, bat hibernate in pregnant condition. [ 24 ] In pinnipeds , the purpose of delayed implantation is in order to increase survival chance of the young animals as the mother ensure that the neonates are born at an optimal season.
For humans, male fetuses normally gestate several days longer than females and multiple pregnancies gestate for a shorter period. [2] Ethnicity in humans is also a factor that may lengthen or shorten gestation. [4] In dogs, there is a positive correlation between a longer gestation time and fewer members of the litter. [5]
In the later stages of the dog's pregnancy, nesting behaviour may occur. [123] Puppies are born with a protective fetal membrane that the mother usually removes shortly after birth. Dogs can have the maternal instincts to start grooming their puppies, consume their puppies' feces, and protect their puppies, likely due to their hormonal state.
The term Advanced maternal age is used to describe women who are over 35 during pregnancy. [ 29 ] [ 30 ] Women who give birth over the age of 35 are more likely to experience complications ranging from preterm birth [ 30 ] [ 29 ] [ 31 ] and delivery by Caesarean section [ 30 ] [ 31 ] , to an increased risk of giving birth to a child with ...