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Weil's disease (/ ˈ v aɪ l z / VILES), [12] the acute, severe form of leptospirosis, causes the infected individual to become jaundiced (skin and eyes become yellow), develop kidney failure, and bleed. [6] Bleeding from the lungs associated with leptospirosis is known as severe pulmonary haemorrhage syndrome. [5]
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to concepts related to infectious diseases in humans.. Infection – transmission, entry/invasion after evading/overcoming defense, establishment, and replication of disease-causing microscopic organisms (pathogens) inside a host organism, and the reaction of host tissues to them and to the toxins they produce.
An etiological agent of disease may require an independent co-factor, and be subject to a promoter (increases expression) to cause disease. An example of all the above, which was recognized late, is that peptic ulcer disease may be induced by stress, requires the presence of acid secretion in the stomach, and has primary etiology in ...
[2] [3] Typically, the term pathogen is used to describe an infectious microorganism or agent, such as a virus, bacterium, protozoan, prion, viroid, or fungus. [4] [5] [6] Small animals, such as helminths and insects, can also cause or transmit disease. However, these animals are usually referred to as parasites rather than pathogens. [7]
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This illness is a tick-borne disease carried by the lone star tick Amblyomma americanum.This tick was first proposed as a possible vector of disease in 1984, [2] and the illnesses associated with the tick called "Lyme-like disease", [3] but it was not recognized to be distinct from Lyme disease until the late 1990s.
Rickettsia prowazekii is a species of gram-negative, alphaproteobacteria, obligate intracellular parasitic, aerobic bacillus bacteria that is the etiologic agent of epidemic typhus, transmitted in the feces of lice. In North America, the main reservoir for R. prowazekii is the flying squirrel.
It has long been suspected as a causative agent in Crohn's disease in humans, [4] [5] but studies have been unable to show definite correlation. [6] One study has argued that the presence of antibodies against Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis is associated with increased propensity of patients with Crohn's disease to receive ...