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Other indices of body and fat mass, such as BMI and waist-to-height ratio, have undergone more research evaluation and longitudinal clinical applications than BRI, and may be better predictors of fat distribution (e.g., visceral vs. subcutaneous fat) for estimating health risks.
The waist–hip ratio or waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) is the dimensionless ratio of the circumference of the waist to that of the hips. This is calculated as waist measurement divided by hip measurement (W ⁄ H). For example, a person with a 75 cm waist and 95 cm hips (or a 30-inch waist and 38-inch hips) has WHR of about 0.79.
Absolute waist circumference (>102 cm (40 in) in men and >88 cm (35 in) in women) [78] Waist–hip ratio (the circumference of the waist divided by that of the hips of >0.9 for men and >0.85 for women) [1] Waist-stature ratio (waist circumference divided by their height, >0.5 for adults under 40 and >0.6 for adults over 50)
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A low waist–hip ratio has often been seen as a sign of good health and reproductive potential. [49] A low waist–hip ratio has also often been regarded as an indicator of attractiveness of a woman, but recent research suggests that attractiveness is more correlated to body mass index than waist–hip ratio, contrary to previous belief.
In the United States a waist circumference of >102 cm (≈40") in men and >88 cm (≈34.5") in women [26] or the waist–hip ratio (the circumference of the waist divided by that of the hips) of >0.9 for men and >0.85 for women are used to define central obesity.
This research included middle-aged and older Chinese participants in the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study. In total, researchers were able to analyze data from 9,935 participants.
While BMI is the most basic and commonly used indicator of obesity, other measures include waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, skinfold thicknesses, and bioelectrical impedance. [11] The rate of obesity increases with age at least up to 50 or 60 years old. [12] Sex- and gender-based differences also influence the prevalence of obesity.