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However, by the mid-18th century, Baptists and Presbyterians faced growing persecution; between 1768 and 1774, about half of the Baptist ministers in Virginia were jailed for preaching. Especially in the back country, most families had no religious affiliation whatsoever and their low moral standards were shocking to proper Englishmen. [7]
In 1797, Moore attended the Katocton Baptist Association, which recommended the gradual emancipation of slaves. [16] [17] Moore was a founder of the First Baptist Church of Washington, First Baptist Church of Alexandria, and Second Baptist Church of Washington. [5] [8]
As of 2014, approximately 15.3% of Americans identified as Baptist, making Baptists the second-largest religious group in the United States, after Roman Catholics. [1] By 2020, Baptists became the third-largest religious group in the United States, with the rise of nondenominational Protestantism.
The Old Regular Baptist Churches of Jesus Christ in the United States, along with the Regular Primitive Baptists, trace their history to churches that sprang up in the American Colonies. These early churches had been organized as Regular Baptist Churches and Separate Baptist Churches in Christ, and were found from New England to Georgia.
The Baptists and Presbyterians were subject to many legal constraints and faced growing persecution; between 1768 and 1774, about half of the Baptists ministers in Virginia were jailed for preaching, in defiance of England's Act of Toleration of 1689 that guaranteed freedom of worship for Protestants. At the start of the Revolution, the ...
Primitive Baptists – also known as Regular Baptists, Old School Baptists, Foot Washing Baptists, or, derisively, Hard Shell Baptists [2] – are conservative Baptists adhering to a degree of Calvinist beliefs who coalesced out of the controversy among Baptists in the early 19th century over the appropriateness of mission boards, tract societies, and temperance societies.
Seeking religious freedom and economic opportunity, in 1781 Elijah's brother Rev. Lewis Craig led an exodus of up to 600 people known as "The Travelling Church" (composed of his parents, younger siblings, and most of his congregation from Spotsylvania County) [14] to the area of Virginia known as Kentucky County (they were the largest single group to so migrate). [15]
Baptists were active after emancipation in promoting the education of former slaves; for example, Jamaica's Calabar High School, named after the port of Calabar in Nigeria, was founded by Baptist missionaries.