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Open ocean convection is a process in which the mesoscale ocean ... the constant of proportionality γ and β are found to be equal to 3.9 ± 0.9 and 12 ± 3 ...
The geological record suggests that ice at the poles does not melt in a gradual and linear fashion, but flips suddenly from one state to another. When temperatures increased to 2 - 3 °C (3.6-5.4 °F) above today's level 3.5 million years ago, sea levels rose not by 59 centimeters but by 25 metres (82 ft).
Mantle convection is the slow creeping motion of Earth's rocky mantle caused by convection currents carrying heat from the interior of the Earth to the surface. [33] It is one of 3 driving forces that causes tectonic plates to move around the Earth's surface.
Forced convection: when a fluid is forced to flow over the surface by an internal source such as fans, by stirring, and pumps, creating an artificially induced convection current. [ 3 ] In many real-life applications (e.g. heat losses at solar central receivers or cooling of photovoltaic panels), natural and forced convection occur at the same ...
Scientists believe they’ve discovered an ancient ocean floor comprising a new layer between Earth’s mantle and core.
A geomagnetic survey was conducted that supported this theory. The survey was composed of scientists using magnetometers to measure the magnetism of the basalt rock protruding from the mid-ocean ridge. [6] [9] They discovered that on either side of the ridge, symmetrical "strips" were found as the polarity of the planet would change over time.
Enhanced surface (upper level) westerly winds occur near the west (east) side of the active convection. [5] Ocean currents, up to 100 metres (330 ft) in depth from the ocean surface, follow in phase with the east-wind component of the surface winds. In advance, or to the east, of the MJO enhanced activity, winds aloft are westerly.
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