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Pozzolana from Mount Vesuvius volcano, Italy. Pozzolana or pozzuolana (/ ˌ p ɒ t s (w) ə ˈ l ɑː n ə / POT-s(w)ə-LAH-nə, Italian: [potts(w)oˈlaːna]), also known as pozzolanic ash (Latin: pulvis puteolanus), is a natural siliceous or siliceous-aluminous material which reacts with calcium hydroxide in the presence of water at room temperature (cf. pozzolanic reaction).
Portland cement is the most common type of cement in general use around the world as a basic ingredient of concrete, mortar, stucco, and non-specialty grout. It was developed from other types of hydraulic lime in England in the early 19th century by Joseph Aspdin , and is usually made from limestone .
Unlike regular concrete, ECC has a tensile strain capacity in the range of 3–7%, [1] compared to 0.01% for ordinary portland cement (OPC) paste, mortar or concrete. ECC therefore acts more like a ductile metal material rather than a brittle glass material (as does OPC concrete), leading to a wide variety of applications.
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Pozzolana has since become a generic term for any siliceous and/or aluminous additive to slaked lime to create hydraulic cement. [21] Finely ground and mixed with lime it is a hydraulic cement, like Portland cement, and makes a strong mortar that will also set under water.
A 25% strength gain between 7 and 28 days is often observed with 100% OPC (ordinary Portland cement) mixtures, and between 25% and 40% strength gain can be realized with the inclusion of pozzolans such as flyash, and supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) such as slag cement.
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